egg donors, IVF, women, recipients, practice, counselling, ethics, known donors: egg donors, IVF, women, recipients, practice, counselling, ethics, known donors.
This letter outlines the authors work with IVF recipients and egg donors. Favours counselling and giving donors an understanding of ethical issues.
2. Achilles RG. The Social Meanings of Biological Ties: A Study of Participants in Artificial Insemination By Donor.: University of Toronto; 1986.
3. Achilles R. Anonymity and Secrecy in Donor Insemination: In Whose Best Interests? Presented at the International conference on new reproductive technologies; Montreal, Canada; 1988.
secrecy, DI, practice, doctors, fatherhood, family, offspring, couples, semen donors: secrecy, DI, practice, doctors, fatherhood, family, offspring, couples, semen donors.
This article describes DI and discusses issues of anonymity, and social and biological parenthood. Drawing on limited qualitative research the author comments on the information which different groups in the DI process want about each other. It looks at the reasons given for maintaining secrecy and concludes that it is done primarily to 'normalise' the family. It also concludes that this secrecy is not in the interests of the child, and argues for it to be discontinued.
4. Achilles R. Donor Insemination: The Future of a Public Secret. In: Overall C, ed. The Future of Human Reproduction. Toronto: The Women's Press; 1989.
law, social attitudes, family, DI, anonymity, policy, payment, records, psychosocial, doctors: law, social attitudes, family, DI, anonymity, policy, payment, records, psychosocial, doctors.
This article gives a general discussion of a variety of DI issues, focussing on how people perceive things socially and upon 'mass emotion' or a collective conscience view of how thing are viewed.
5. Adair V. Infertile couples do not need to be told to relax. New Zealand Doctor. 1990(2 July):9.
infertility, couples, psychosocial, psychological, doctors, practice, social support, support groups, stress: infertility, couples, psychosocial, psychological, doctors, practice, social support, support groups, stress.
This piece reports on a study of couples who have conceived using ARTs, on what they found difficult abou their infertility experience and what they found helpful and unhelpful in the way in which they were treated by doctors.
6. Addelson KP. Some Moral Issues in Public Problems of Reproduction. Social Problems. 1990;37(1):1-17.
ethics, assisted reproduction, social attitudes, doctors, USA, abortion, doctors, family, feminism, women, rights, IVF, embryos, philosophy, history: ethics, assisted reproduction, social attitudes, doctors, USA, abortion, doctors, family, feminism, women, rights, IVF, embryos, philosophy, history.
This paper looks at debates about reproductive issues; abortion, assisted reproduction, contraception etc. in the US context from a philosophical and historical point of view.
7. Aitken J, Oke K. The Implications of IVF for the individual. Auckland: National Women's Hospital; 1990?
8. Albury RM. Frozen Embryo Babies: Australian Media Tells. Unpublished; 1986.
9. Alder EM, Baird DT, Lees MM, Lincoln DW, Loudon NV, Templeton AA. Attitudes of Women of Reproductive Age to In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Research. Journal of Biosocial Science. 1986;18:155-67.
women, IVF, research, UK, infertility, egg donation, social attitudes, religion, embryos: women, IVF, research, UK, infertility, egg donation, social attitudes, religion, embryos.
This study of 1716 women of child-bearing age at infertility, ante-natal and Family planning clinics found that 94% were in favour of IVF treatment, 76% apporved of research on embryos up to 14 days, and 79% thought women should be allowed to donate ova for research. Attitudes were not related to age, parity or social class but were influenced by religion.
10. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists: Committee on Ethics. Ethical issues in surrogate motherhood. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1990 (Journal published in 1992);37:139-44.
surrogacy, payment, couples, doctors, adoption, parenthood, commercialisation, payment, interests of child, ethics, policy: surrogacy, payment, couples, doctors, adoption, parenthood, commercialisation, payment, interests of child, ethics, policy.
This paper looks at the arguments for against both commercial and non-commercial surrogacy. It argues that the surrogate should have control over prenatal care and delivery, and that she should have a period of time after birth in which to decide whether to place the child for adoption. It looks at policy issues, and the implications of surrogacy for doctors.11. American Fertility Society tEC. Ethical Considerations of the New Reproductive Technologies, Chapters 1-28, Appendices A-F. Fertility & Sterility. 1986;46(3(Supplement 1)):1S-94S.
AFS, USA, guidelines, ethics, practice, psychosocial, semen donors, counselling, records, consanguinity, doctors, DI, payment, screening, motivation, IVF, practice, guideline, policy, egg donors embryos, medical aspects, cryopreservation, research, surrogacy, law: AFS, USA, guidelines, ethics, practice, psychosocial, semen donors, counselling, records, consanguinity, doctors, DI, payment, screening, motivation, IVF, practice, guideline, policy, egg donors embryos, medical aspects, cryopreservation, research, surrogacy, law.
Titles of Chapters and Appendices are: The basis for evaluation of an ethical position; The constitutional aspects of procreative liberty; American law and the new reproductive technologies; Ethics and the new reproductive technologies; The moral right to reproduce and its limitations; Ethical considerations of patents in reproductive medicine; The biologic characteristics of the preembryo; The moral and legal status of the preembryo; In vitro fertilization; Artificial insemination - husband; Artificial insemination - donor; Donor sperm in in vitro fertilization; Donor eggs in in vitro fertilization; Preembryos from in vitro fertilization for donation, Uterine lavage for preembryo transfer; The cryopreservation of sperm; The cryopreservation of eggs; The cryopreservation of preembryos; Research on preembryos: justifications and limitations; Surrogate gestational mothers: women who gestate a genetically unrelated embryo; Surrogate mothers; Quality assurance in reproductive technologies; Formation of policy for emerging reproductive technologies; Summary; Dissent on the use of third parties; Minimal genetic screen for gamete donors; From New Guidelines for the Use of Semen for Donor Insemination; Minimal standards for programs of in vitro fertilization; Ethical statement on in vitro fertilization; In Vitro Fertilization Special Interest Group Application for Membership.
12. American Fertility Society. IVF and GIFT: a patient's guide to assisted reproductive technology. Birmingham, Alabama, USA: American Fertility Society; 1989.
IVF, GIFT, assisted reproduction, USA, ethics, law, practice, technology: IVF, GIFT, assisted reproduction, USA, ethics, law, practice, technology.
Source of Reference, AFS ethics Committee 1994 report.
13. American Fertility Society. Ethical Considerations of the New Reproductive Technologies. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(6: June, 1990):Supplement 2, i-vii, 1S-109S.
AFS, USA, guidelines, ethics, practice, psychosocial, semen donors, counselling, records, consanguinity, doctors, DI, payment, screening, motivation, IVF, practice, guideline, policy, egg donors embryos, medical aspects, cryopreservation, research, surrogacy, law, GIFT, religion, Catholic: AFS, USA, guidelines, ethics, practice, psychosocial, semen donors, counselling, records, consanguinity, doctors, DI, payment, screening, motivation, IVF, practice, guideline, policy, egg donors embryos, medical aspects, cryopreservation, research, surrogacy, law, GIFT, religion, Catholic.
Titles of Chapters and Appendices are: The basis for evaluation of an ethical position; The constitutional aspects of procreative liberty; American law and the new reproductive technologies; Ethics and the new reproductive technologies; The moral right to reproduce and its limitations; Ethical concerns and public information; Ethical considerations of patents in reproductive medicine; The biologic characteristics of the preembryo; The moral and legal status of the preembryo; In vitro fertilization; Gamete intrafallopian transfer, Artificial insemination - husband; Artificial insemination - donor; Donor sperm in assisted reproduction; Donor sperm in in vitro fertilization; Additional procedures; The cryopreservation of eggs; The cryopreservation of fertilizing eggs and preembryos; Research on preembryos: justifications and limitations; Surrogate gestational mothers: women who gestate a genetically unrelated embryo; Surrogate mothers; Quality assurance in reproductive technologies; Formation of policy for emerging reproductive technologies; Summary; Dissent on the use of third parties; Minimal genetic screen for gamete donors; From New Guidelines for the Use of Semen for Donor Insemination; Revised Minimum standards for in vitro fertilization gamete intrafallopian transfer, and related procedures; Ethical considerations of the new reproductive technologies (AFS reaction to Catholic document on assisted reproduction issues).
14. American Fertility Society. Revised minimum standards for in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, and related procedures. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(2):225-6.
standards, IVF, GIFT, assisted reproduction, health professionals, research, records, embryos: standards, IVF, GIFT, assisted reproduction, health professionals, research, records, embryos.
This guideline sets out AFS standards on issues of personnel, GIFT, embryo research, record keeping and informed consent.
15. Amuzu B, Laxova R, Shapiro SS. Pregnancy Outcome, Health of Children, and Family Adjustment After Donor Insemination. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;75(June 1990):899-905.
family, couples, DI, child development, psychosocial: family, couples, DI, child development, psychosocial.
This study of 427 women who conceived through DI at a clinic found that approximately half did not tell their family or friends, the same percentage did not intend to tell their children. The divorce rate for these couples was lower than that for a matched population. Most couples were pleased that they had undertaken DI. There is nothing in this paper about donors.
16. Andrews LB. Legal and Ethical Aspects of New Reproductive Technologies. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986;29(1):190-204.
law, ethics, assisted reproduction, cryopreservation, embryos, infertility, technology, doctors, policy, regulation, legislation, parenthood, couples, semen donors, egg donors: law, ethics, assisted reproduction, cryopreservation, embryos, infertility, technology, doctors, policy, regulation, legislation, parenthood, couples, semen donors, egg donors.
This paper presents guidelines for the moral assessment of ART's based on govt reports and ethics committees in various countries. These include that ART's have respect for embryos, do no harm to participants, involve voluntary participation, have low physical and psychological risk, and are not harmful to society. It looks at the application of these principles, legal, regulatory and assessment issues.
17. Andrews LB. Ethical and Legal Aspects of In-Vitro Fertilization and Artificial Insemination by Donor. Urologic Clinics of North America. 1987;14(3):633-42.
ethics, law, IVF, DI, Catholic, selection, couples, USA, doctors, embryos, research, records, pregnancy rates, parenthood, screening, semen donors, cryopreservation, rights, guidelines, psychological, single women, lesbian, social attitudes, practice: ethics, law, IVF, DI, Catholic, selection, couples, USA, doctors, embryos, research, records, pregnancy rates, parenthood, screening, semen donors, cryopreservation, rights, guidelines, psychological, single women, lesbian, social attitudes, practice.
This overview of legal and ethical issues in IVF and DI in a USA context looks at couples selection and donor screening, current medical practice, embryo research, record keeping, cryopreservation, paternity issues, use of ARTs by lesbian and single women etc.
18. Andrews L. Between Strangers. Surrogate Mothers, Expectant Fathers and Brave New Babies. New York: Harper and Row; 1989.
surrogacy, couples, infertility, interests of child, women, feminism, law, USA, commercialisation, lawyers, regulation, social attitudes, motherhood, payment, pregnancy, reproductive rights, parenthood, history, abortion, contracts, contraception, DI, fatherhood, counselling, psychological, clinics, IVF, legislation, media, matching, Catholic, surrogates,: surrogacy, couples, infertility, interests of child, women, feminism, law, USA, commercialisation, lawyers, regulation, social attitudes, motherhood, payment, pregnancy, reproductive rights, parenthood, history, abortion, contracts, contraception, DI, fatherhood, counselling, psychological, clinics, IVF, legislation, media, matching, Catholic, surrogates,.
This book outlines the issues of surrogacy in a USA context. It is based on interviews with surrogates and couples, psychologists, legislators, and feminists. Generslly favours surrogacy. Has 3 sections: Making Babies, Making Decisions, Making Law.
19. Andrews LB. Control and Compensation: Laws governing extracorporeal generative materials. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 1989;14:541-560.
right to privacy, IVF, artificial insemination, surrogate motherhood.: right to privacy, IVF, artificial insemination, surrogate motherhood.
The author discusses The Vatican Instruction, OTA Report on assisted reproduction, and the right to privacy of the US Constitution. Payment for surrogate mothers and donors are discussed, as well as the right to know the fate of the semen and body parts.
20. Annas GJ. The Baby Broker Boom. The Hastings Center Report. 1986(June 1986):30-1.
law, surrogacy, motherhood, commercialisation, payment, legislation, doctors, USA: law, surrogacy, motherhood, commercialisation, payment, legislation, doctors, USA.
This paper argues against commercial surrogacy in the USA and looks at recent judicial decisions in relation to this.21. Annas GJ. The Ethics of Embryo Research: Not as Easy as It Sounds. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1987;14(3-4):138-40, 148.
motherhood, embryos, ET, IVF, ethics, embryos, research, commercialisation, organ doning: motherhood, embryos, ET, IVF, ethics, embryos, research, commercialisation, organ doning.
This paper looks at the ethics surrounding embryo research. It looks at views from around the world, commercialisation issues and euthanasia. (there seems to be some pages missing).
22. Annas GJ. Baby M: Babies (and Justice) for Sale. Hastings Center Report. 1987(June 1987):13-15.
surrogacy, legislation, law, class, fatherhood, motherhood, fatherhood, commercialisation: surrogacy, legislation, law, class, fatherhood, motherhood, fatherhood, commercialisation.
This paper reports on the contested custody case of the surrogate baby 'Baby M', emphasising the way the judge distinguished between social class, and commenting on the difficulties of surrogacy.
23. Annas GJ. The Impact of Medical Technology On The Pregnant Woman's Right To Privacy. American Journal of Law and Medicine. 1987;13(2-3):213-32.
law, pregnancy, assisted reproduction, USA, family, contraception, abortion, surrogacy, IVF, motherhood, ET, commercialisation, prohibition, medical aspects, rights, technology, women: law, pregnancy, assisted reproduction, USA, family, contraception, abortion, surrogacy, IVF, motherhood, ET, commercialisation, prohibition, medical aspects, rights, technology, women.
This paper discusses the effect of assisted reproduction on pregnant womens' rights to privacy in the USA. It looks at the legal cases surrounding the right to procreate and not procreate. It discusses surrogacy, motherhood, personhood and who has the right to abort fetuses. It looks at commercial surrogacy and prohibition and various other situations involving pregnant women.
24. Annas GJ. Fairy Tales Surrogate Mothers Tell. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2, Spring):27-33.
surrogacy, social class, gender, social attitudes, motherhood, women, couples, infertility, interests of child, adoption, feminism, egg donation, semen donation, organ donation, pregnancy, family, embryos, legislation, regulation, USA, law: surrogacy, social class, gender, social attitudes, motherhood, women, couples, infertility, interests of child, adoption, feminism, egg donation, semen donation, organ donation, pregnancy, family, embryos, legislation, regulation, USA, law.
This paper takes a critical look at surrogacy asserting that it is sexist and classist, places the interests of adults over those of the child. It compares it to egg, semen and organ donation and makes legislative recommendations.
25. Annas GJea. the treatment of infertility: legal and ethical concerns. Clinical Obstetrics and Gyneacology. 1989;32(3 (September)):614-619.
artificial insemination, donor, couples, recipients: artificial insemination, donor, couples, recipients.
The author argues that by selecting donors by the physician, there would be a selection of superior genes, questions the use of IVF and the status of infertility as a disease or not, discusses the 14 day limit for conducting research on human embryo, raises questions about the rights of the surrogate mother; criticises embryo transfer techniques as for its risks to the embryo, as well as the embryo freezing techniques for its risks of causing confusion of parental identity.
26. Anonymous. Tough talk on surrogate birth. Nature. 1986;320(March 13):95.
surrogacy, couples, UK, ethics, legislation, payment,social attitudes, rights, commercialisation, counselling: surrogacy, couples, UK, ethics, legislation, payment,social attitudes, rights, commercialisation, counselling.
This piece discuss public and parliamentary attitudes to surrogacy in the Uk and promotes the idea of making surrogacy arrangements only conductable by charitable agencies .
27. Anonymous. US courts and legislatures face implications of surrogacy. Nature. 1987;325(15 January):184.
surrogacy, law, USA, contracts, surrogates, couples, pregnancy, commercialisation, payment, paternity, France, Germany, UK: surrogacy, law, USA, contracts, surrogates, couples, pregnancy, commercialisation, payment, paternity, France, Germany, UK.
This piece discusses recent legal cases in the USA regarding surrogacy, presents the opinions of various commentators on the issue, and outlines developments in France, UK, and West Germany.
28. Anonymous. Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Draft Legislation on Infertility Services and Embryo Research. The Lancet. 1987;1343(5 December):1343.
IVF, DI, ethics, licensing, records, social attitudes, regulation, infertility, semen donors, doctors, clinics, couples, assisted reproduction, pregnancy, egg donation, GIFT, drugs, UK, embryos, research, surrogacy, law, parenthood, cryopreservation: IVF, DI, ethics, licensing, records, social attitudes, regulation, infertility, semen donors, doctors, clinics, couples, assisted reproduction, pregnancy, egg donation, GIFT, drugs, UK, embryos, research, surrogacy, law, parenthood, cryopreservation.
This is a summary of the UK governments 1987 White Paper in response to the Warnock Report.
29. Anonymous. Selective Fetal Reduction. The Lancet. 1988(October 1):773-5.
multiple pregnancy, abortion, disability, embryos, ethics, pregnancy, psychological, economics, IVF, psychosocial.: multiple pregnancy, abortion, disability, embryos, ethics, pregnancy, psychological, economics, IVF, psychosocial.
This paper discusses the reasons for fetal reduction in the case of multiple pregnancies. Argues that procedures should be altered to reduce the necessity of this happening more than is necessary . Calls for further social and psychological research.
30. Anonymous. Embryos win rights. Nature. 1990;343(15 February):577-8.
embryos, UK, law, research, regulation, social attitudes, licensing, scientists, legislation: embryos, UK, law, research, regulation, social attitudes, licensing, scientists, legislation.
This piece looks at the proposed UK legislation on embryo research, and argues that the restriction on research up to 14 days is arbitrary. Argues for an alternative to this.31. Appleton T. Caring for the IVF Patient - Counselling. In: Fishel S, Symonds EM, eds. In Vitro Fertilisation. Past, present, future. Oxford: IRL Press; 1986.
IVF, counselling, education, couples, infertility, social support, stress, psychological, religion: IVF, counselling, education, couples, infertility, social support, stress, psychological, religion.
This paper reports on the experience of the author in an IVF clinic in providing education, resources and counselling for IVF couples. It looks at issues of stress related to infertility and social support.
32. Appleton T. Counselling, care in infertility: The ethic of care. British Medical Bulletin. 1990;46(3):842-9.
infertility, counselling, doctors, social attitudes, psychosocial, counselling, social support, secrecy, stress, sexuality: infertility, counselling, doctors, social attitudes, psychosocial, counselling, social support, secrecy, stress, sexuality.
This article emphasise that doctors are treating 'people who are infertile' rather than 'infertility'. It looks at different types of counselling, social support, the needs of couples, secrecy, and psychosocial and sexual issues.
33. Aronowitz BR, Feldschuh J. Artificial Insemination by Donor Yours, Mine, or Theirs. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
DI, male infertility, secrecy, single women, lesbians, couples, semen donors, donor experience, psychosocial: DI, male infertility, secrecy, single women, lesbians, couples, semen donors, donor experience, psychosocial.
This book chapter presents brief interview data from married couples, single heterosexual women, homosexual women, and donors on the medical and psychological aspects of DI. It addresses issue of male infertility and experiences of donating, and issues of secrecy in relation to whether to tell offspring about their DI origins.
34. Atherton RF. Artificially Conceived Children and Inheritance in New South Wales. The Australian Law Journal. 1986;60(July 1986):374-86.
parenthood, law, IVF, DI, Australia, surrogacy, cryopreservation, motherhood, legislation: parenthood, law, IVF, DI, Australia, surrogacy, cryopreservation, motherhood, legislation.
This paper looks at legal issues in relation to ART's in New South Wales. It looks at issues of paternity and consent of parties to treatments. Also addresses surrogacy, posthumous children, wills, and frozen embryos.
35. Austin CR. The surrogate triplets of Perth, Western Australia. Human Reproduction. 1989;4(3):346.
surrogacy, ethics, doctors, Australia, legislation, NZ, USA, UK, Canada, policy: surrogacy, ethics, doctors, Australia, legislation, NZ, USA, UK, Canada, policy.
This paper reports on the birth of triplets to a surrogate mother. The pregnancy had been overseen by a doctor against the advice of the ethics committee. Paper discusses legislation in various countries in relation to surrogacy and notes arguments for and against.
36. Back KW, Snowden R. The anonymity of the gamete donor. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988;9:191-198.
DI, anonymity, secrecy, semen donors, family, social attitudes, identity, assisted reproduction, Sweden, legislation, UK: DI, anonymity, secrecy, semen donors, family, social attitudes, identity, assisted reproduction, Sweden, legislation, UK.
This article addresses the arguments for and against donor anonymity by examining issues of family, personal identity, and the views that people have of gamete donors. It draws on a study of 899 case records of DI couples, and interviews with a sub-sample of 57 couples to reach the conclusion that openness about DI has little negative affect can alleviate family problems that may arise. It argues that secrecy about DI may reinforce negative stereotypes about donors and about assisted reproduction, and that it violates social norms of interpersonal relations.
37. Baram D, Tourtelot E, Meuchler E, Huang K. Psychosocial adjustment following unsuccessful in vitro fertilization. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;9:181-90.
psychosocial, IVF, couples, process, counselling, psychological, stress, infertility: psychosocial, IVF, couples, process, counselling, psychological, stress, infertility.
not seen, See Reading 1991.
38. Barratt CLR, Monteiro EF, Chauhan M, Cooke S, Cooke. ID. Screening donors for sexually transmitted disease in donor insemination clinics in the UK. A survey. British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1989;96:461-6.
DI, STDs, UK, screening, clinics, USA, recruitment, medical aspects, payment, HIV: DI, STDs, UK, screening, clinics, USA, recruitment, medical aspects, payment, HIV.
This study of 32 DI centres in the UK found that very few centres had any method by which (non HIV) STD infected donors could be screened out. Paper looks at issues of payment and outlines problems in such screening.
39. Barratt CL, Cooke ID. Risks of donor insemination. Guidelines on control of infections need further publicity. British Medical Journal. 1989;299(11 November):1178-9.
HIV, medical aspects, DI, semen donors, screening, STDs, UK, cryopreservation, guidelines: HIV, medical aspects, DI, semen donors, screening, STDs, UK, cryopreservation, guidelines.
This paper looks at recent reports on transmission of STDs through DI. It looks at current guidelines for screening donors and calls for more uniformity of practice and research into this matter.
40. Barratt CLR, Chauhan M, Cooke ID. Donor insemination - a look to the future. Fertility & Sterility. 1990;54(3):375-387.
semen donors, recipients, screening, selection, DI, UK, recruitment: semen donors, recipients, screening, selection, DI, UK, recruitment.
Reviews the selection and recruitment of semen donors at a clinic and the screening of female recipients for factors that influence the probability of conception.41. Bartels D, Priester R, Vawter DE, Caplan AL. Beyond Baby M. Ethical Issues in New Reproductive Technologies. Contemporary Issues in Biomedicine, Ethics, and Society. Clifton, New Jersey: Humana Press; 1990.
42. Baruch EH, Jr. AFDA, Seager J. Embryos, Ethics, and Women's Rights. Exploring the New Reproductive Technologies. New York: Harrington Park Press; 1987.
43. Baruch EH. A Womb of His Own. Women Health. 1988;13(1-2):135-9.
feminism, technology, assisted reproduction, female infertility, psychological, interests of child, medicalisation, surrogacy, genetic engineering: feminism, technology, assisted reproduction, female infertility, psychological, interests of child, medicalisation, surrogacy, genetic engineering.
This paper looks at ART's and the possibility that women may no longer needed for procreation. It looks at surrogacy in terms of a man's ability to buy a womb and the impact for all of this for the psychology of individuals and for culture. A critique of a feminist position.
44. Becker G. Healing the Infertile Family. Strengthening Your Relationship in the Search for Parenthood. New York: Bantam Books; 1990.
infertility, family, psychosocial, stress, psychological, identity, couples, men, counselling, women, gender, process, coping skills, USA: infertility, family, psychosocial, stress, psychological, identity, couples, men, counselling, women, gender, process, coping skills, USA.
This book is based upon research with couples undergoing infertility, and looks at describes, and attempts to address both male and female concerns, and relationship issues generally at various stages in the process of infertility resolution.
45. Beecham L. Report on surrogacy commended to ARM. British Medical Journal. 1990;300(17 March):752.
surrogacy, doctors, regulation, legislation, ethics, interests of child, couples, parenthood, guidelines: surrogacy, doctors, regulation, legislation, ethics, interests of child, couples, parenthood, guidelines.
This piece reports on a discussion by the British Medical Association (?) about its policy on surrogacy. This touches on the interest of the child and of all the networks of all the parties involved, and on the general unadvisability of surrogacy except in certain situations. It notes the setting up of a committee to look into the matter, and the passing of amotion not to participate in surrogacy until the ARM (?) has agreed appropriate guidelines.
46. Belbas NF. Staying in Touch: Empathy in Open Adoptions. Smith College Studies in Social Work. 1987;57(3):184-98.
adoption, openness, interests of child, couples, practice, policy, gender, USA: adoption, openness, interests of child, couples, practice, policy, gender, USA.
This study of 12 families where some degree of open adoption has been practiced found that prior to coming to the agencies only one of the couples had thought about open adoption. It describes the process of birth mother and social parents coming to know each other and the types of interaction. It notes that none of the couples felt having an open adoption had effected their relationship with the child. It also reviews the relevant literature on secrecy and notes the extent of open adoption in the US and the increased liklihood of couples getting children if they were ready to have an open adoption.
47. Bell CJ. Adoptive Pregnancy: Legal and Social work Issues. Child Welfare. 1986;65(5):421-36.
SET, IVF, DI, surrogacy, ET, adoption, social work, secrecy, openness, identity, interests of child, psychological, couples, parenthood, law, USA, policy, counselling, family: SET, IVF, DI, surrogacy, ET, adoption, social work, secrecy, openness, identity, interests of child, psychological, couples, parenthood, law, USA, policy, counselling, family.
This paper looks at the ethical and social implications of SET and IVF-ET treatments. It discusses secrecy issues, and compares these new arrangements to adoption addressing identity, psychological and best interests of the child issues. It looks at legal issues in a USA context, and policy and practice issues in social work including counselling concerns.
48. Belliotti R. Marxism, feminism and surrogate motherhood. Social Theory and Practice. 1988;14(3):389-417.
feminism, marxism, surrogacy, moral permissibility: feminism, marxism, surrogacy, moral permissibility.
The author addresses the question of moral permissibility of surrogate motherhood in the context of Marxism and in a version of Feminism. He defines alienation, exploitation and commodification in the context of Marxism, outlines a Feminist account on moral impermissibility and applies these issues to surrogate contracts. He concludes that Marxist and Feminist arguments do not establish the moral impermissibility of surrogacy.
49. Belsey MA, Ware H. Epidemiological, social and psychosocial aspects of infertility. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston; 1986.
infertility, couples, psychosocial, social attitudes, doctors, child free, adoption, surrogacy, DI, women, men, male infertility, female infertility, clinics, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, New Guinea, couples, Sudan, Pakistan, Roumania, Fiji, Malaysia, Nepal, Dominican Republic, prevention, environmental factors, psychological, stress, STDs, medicalisation, history, age, India, records: infertility, couples, psychosocial, social attitudes, doctors, child free, adoption, surrogacy, DI, women, men, male infertility, female infertility, clinics, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, New Guinea, couples, Sudan, Pakistan, Roumania, Fiji, Malaysia, Nepal, Dominican Republic, prevention, environmental factors, psychological, stress, STDs, medicalisation, history, age, India, records.
This paper looks at issues in the collection of data about infertility prevalence around the world. It looks at types of infertility, causes for various types of infertility, and interactions between various types of causes of infertility. It calls for standardisation of record keeping and categorisation practice.
50. Bendvold E, Skjaeraasen J, Moe N, Sjoberg D, Kravdal O. Marital break-up among couples raising families by artificial insemination by donor. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;51(6):980-3.
Norway, family, marriage, couples, DI, psychosocial: Norway, family, marriage, couples, DI, psychosocial.
This study of 227 Norwegian women who had given birth to children DI found that 1.8% of them experienced marriage break-up as compared with rates of 3.0% and 3.7% in closely matched populations. These differences however are not statistically significant.51. Bendvold E, Moe N, Skjaraasen J. Social Condition of Children born after Artificial Insemination. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. 1990;18:203-6.
DI, families, divorce, secrecy, Norway: DI, families, divorce, secrecy, Norway.
This study of 341 DI children born to 261 women reports that in 43% of these DI children had additional siblings whereas 57% did not. Only 6 of the families split due to result in this period, which is lower than the national average.
52. Benzanson RP. Solomom Would Weep: A Comment on In the Matter of Baby M and the limits of Judicial Authority. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):126-30.
law, USA, surrogacy, parenthood, adoption, technology, social attitudes, ethics: law, USA, surrogacy, parenthood, adoption, technology, social attitudes, ethics.
This paper disagrees with the USA ruling in the Baby 'M' case about who the parents in the situation should be. It presents an alternaive opinion, and addresses the nature of the relationship between society, technology and the law.
53. Berg BJ, Wilson JF. Psychiatric morbidity in the infertile population: a reconceptualisation. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(4):654-61.
psychological, stress, coping skills, couples, infertility, methods: psychological, stress, coping skills, couples, infertility, methods.
This article argues that psychological tests used to measure the psychiatric morbidity of the infertile may only be measuring infertility strain reactions. The author cautions against applying stigmatising psychiatric lables where this is unnecessary. This argument is based on a study of 104 infertile couples who were submitted to a psychological test.
54. Berger DM, Eisen A, Shuber J, Doody KF. Psychological Patterns in Donor Insemination Couples. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 1986;31(December):818-23.
infertility, DI, couples, psychosocial, psychological, doctors, secrecy, openness, anonymity, attitudes, sexuality, gender, men, women, religion, law, social attitudes, divorce: infertility, DI, couples, psychosocial, psychological, doctors, secrecy, openness, anonymity, attitudes, sexuality, gender, men, women, religion, law, social attitudes, divorce.
This study of couples undergoing DI argues that psychological conflict is occasioned in these couples by both infertility and the DI procedure itself. Outlines case studies to support this idea. Looks also at the attitudes of couples to secrecy and the possible negative impact of this on couples resolution of psychological conflict. Has a psychoanalytic leaning.
55. Berger R. Learning to Survive and Cope with Human Loss. Social Work Today. 1988(28 April):14-17.
process, coping skills, social workers, stress, psychosocial, counselling, religion: process, coping skills, social workers, stress, psychosocial, counselling, religion.
This paper briefly overviews a variety of types of literature which look at coping with loss. It looks at issues of, peoples reactions, crisis intervention, education, counselling and trying to see loss as an opportunity.
56. Bernardin J. Science and the Creation of Life. Origins. 1987;17(2):21, 23-6.
Catholic, ethics, couples, assisted reproduction, IVF, DI, surrogacy, genetic engineering, genetic screening, technology, psychological, psychosocial, family, philosophy, sexuality, parenthood, embryos, commodification: Catholic, ethics, couples, assisted reproduction, IVF, DI, surrogacy, genetic engineering, genetic screening, technology, psychological, psychosocial, family, philosophy, sexuality, parenthood, embryos, commodification.
This paper presents a background to and summary of the 1987 Vatican 'Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation'. It outlines the philosophy and principles upon which this document is based and discusses the relationship between Catholic faith, and scientific endeavour and technological development.
57. Best J. Avoiding throwing the baby out with the bath-water. The Medical Journal ofAustralia. 1988;149(July 18):97.
male infertility, doctors, women, economics, policy, research, IVF, social class, Australia, media: male infertility, doctors, women, economics, policy, research, IVF, social class, Australia, media.
This paper discusses IVF funding priorities and policy in Australia, and looks at to what extent it is provider or consumer driven. It also looks at experimentation by doctors in the course of this treatment and the comparatively little media attention that is paid to male infertility.
58. Bhimji W. Womb for rent: ethical aspects of surrogate motherhood. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1987;137(December 15):1132-5.
ethics, surrogacy, doctors, technology, motivation, couples, mothers, commercialisation, DI, adoption, commodification, law, interests of child, family, Ethiopia, Pacific Islands: ethics, surrogacy, doctors, technology, motivation, couples, mothers, commercialisation, DI, adoption, commodification, law, interests of child, family, Ethiopia, Pacific Islands.
This paper looks at the ethics of surrogacy; looking at the motivations of the participants, the interests of the child, and commercial interests of middle parties. It compares surrogacy to DI and adoption,. It concludes by noting and promoting the more fluid family forms of Ethiopians' and Pacific Islanders'.
59. Bielawska-Batorowicz E. Attitudes to Motherhood of Women in High-risk and Normal Pregnancy. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1990;8:3-9.
pregnancy, women, motherhood, social attitudes, family, psychological, stress, adoption: pregnancy, women, motherhood, social attitudes, family, psychological, stress, adoption.
This study of pregnant women; some with normal pregnancies, some with heart problems, and some who had previously had miscarriages; looks at their attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood. It found that women with high risk pregnancies were likely to value motherhood less than the other women. However, these women were more likely to report having planned their pregnancies, and to have changed their lifestyle in pregnancy in order to increase the chances of success.
60. Bigner JJ. Parenting Behaviours of Homosexual and Heterosexual Fathers. Journal of Homosexuality. 1989;18:173-86.
gay men, fatherhood, sexuality, interests of child, social attitudes, family: gay men, fatherhood, sexuality, interests of child, social attitudes, family.
This study of parenting styles of gay and non-gay fathers found that, gay fathers were stricter, promoted more cognitive skills in children, went further to be a resource for their children, were less willing to be demonstrative, were more egalitarian, and were more likely to act in a counsellor role. The two types of fathers were similar in relation to involvelment and intimacy with their children.61. Black D. Black looks . . . at when life begins. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 1990;24(1 January):8-9.
law, USA, embryos, IVF, religion, Christianity, research, ethics: law, USA, embryos, IVF, religion, Christianity, research, ethics.
This paper argues for research into embryos on the grounds that it alleviates human suffering.
62. Blackwell RE, Carr BR, Chang RJ, et al. Are we exploiting the infertile couple? Fertility and Sterility. 1987;48(5):735-9.
infertility, ethics, couples, doctors, assisted reproduction, standards, screening, advertising, commercialisation: infertility, ethics, couples, doctors, assisted reproduction, standards, screening, advertising, commercialisation.
This paper looks at doctors use of ARTs with couples addressing issues of inappropiate use of credentials, misuse of technologies, truth in advertising and commercialisation.
63. Blank RH. Regulating Reproduction. N.Y.: Columbia University Press; 1990.
regulation, policy, law, ethics, USA, assisted reproduction: regulation, policy, law, ethics, USA, assisted reproduction.
This book provides an overview of recent developments in reproductive technology. It looks at ethical, regulatory and policy issues particularly in a US context and argues for greater public debate and more comprehensive regulatory control of this area.
64. Blaser A, Maloigne-Katz B, Gigon U. Effect of Artificial Insemination with Donor Semen on the Psyche of the Husband. Psychother. Psychosom. 1988;49:17-21.
DI, men, couples, women, psychological, psychosocial, stress, attitudes, sexuality, doctors, pregnancy, selection, semen donors, infertility, process, practice: DI, men, couples, women, psychological, psychosocial, stress, attitudes, sexuality, doctors, pregnancy, selection, semen donors, infertility, process, practice.
This study looks at the effect of infertility, DI and female pregnancy on the male partners psyche. It describes the process by which men come to accept DI, and finds that infertile men do not develop sexual or psychological problems. Describes the fantasies men and women may have about DI and DI offspring and outlines ways of responding to these. Interesting quote on donor motivations.
65. Blyth E. Wanted: A Modern Day Solomon. Community Care. 1987(23 April):22-4.
surrogacy, couples, law, social attitudes, media, Catholic, feminism, UK, prohibition, regulation, interests of child, ethics, policy: surrogacy, couples, law, social attitudes, media, Catholic, feminism, UK, prohibition, regulation, interests of child, ethics, policy.
This paper looks at the recent development of surrogacy in the UK, public and media reaction to this, and legal and policy options which are available for dealing with this.
66. Blyth E. Child of New Times. Social Work Today. 1990:22-3.
counselling, policy, UK, embryos, research, single women, DI, interests of child, law, couples, parenthood, secrecy, openness, health professionals, adoption, social workers: counselling, policy, UK, embryos, research, single women, DI, interests of child, law, couples, parenthood, secrecy, openness, health professionals, adoption, social workers.
This paper discusses the UK HFEA act from a social work perspective. It looks at issues of secrecy, lesbian and single women, and the representativeness of the new HFEA board.
67. Blyth E. Assisted Reproduction - What's in it for Children? Children and Society. 1990;4(2, summer):167-82.
interests of child, policy, assisted reproduction, couples, family: interests of child, policy, assisted reproduction, couples, family.
not seen.
68. Bogdan M. Artificial Insemination in Swedish Law. Comparative Law Year Book. 1986;10:91-106.
Sweden, DI, legislation, paternity, couples, semen donors, IVF, surrogacy, egg donation, technology, law, adoption, telling the child, anonymity, openness, doctors, embryos, research, single women, lesbian, consent, posthumous, motivation, commercialisation, matching, genetic engineering, consanguinity, identity, psychological, reproductive rights, ethics, payment, genetic engineering: Sweden, DI, legislation, paternity, couples, semen donors, IVF, surrogacy, egg donation, technology, law, adoption, telling the child, anonymity, openness, doctors, embryos, research, single women, lesbian, consent, posthumous, motivation, commercialisation, matching, genetic engineering, consanguinity, identity, psychological, reproductive rights, ethics, payment, genetic engineering.
This paper outlines and discusses the implications of the Swedish Law on Artificial Insemination and two committee reports in that country concerning IVF and genetic engineering. It looks at issues of paternity, offspring access to information about the donor, various other aspects of DI and IVF practice, and embryo research. Discusses the reasons given for allowing and prohibiting various practices. Looks at the possible outcomes of this in terms of people leaving Sweden temporarily in order to evade the DI law and its implications.
69. Bonnicksen A. In vitro fertilization and public policy: turning to the consumer. Population Research and Policy Review. 1986;5:197-215.
IVF, recipients, couples, policy,: IVF, recipients, couples, policy,.
not seen. Reference in Strickler, 1992.
70. Bonnicksen AL. Embryo Freezing: Ethical Issues in the Clinical Setting. Hastings Center Report. 1988(December):26-30.
ethics, cryopreservation, embryos, US, clinics, IVF, couples, stress, psychological, economics, policy, doctors, research, medicalisation, law, practice: ethics, cryopreservation, embryos, US, clinics, IVF, couples, stress, psychological, economics, policy, doctors, research, medicalisation, law, practice.
This paper looks at the ethical, practice and policy issues associated with embryo freezing. It looks at whether the practice is beneficial economically and psychologically for the couple, and at issues of the legal and ethical status of the embryo. It remarks on the impact of medicalisation and the differences in perspective of couples and doctors.71. Bonnicksen AL, Blank RH. The government and in vitro fertilization (IVF): views of IVF directors. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;49(3):396-8.
USA, clinics, health professionals, IVF, law, legislation, policy, insurance, embryos, research, records, economics, parenthood, medicalisation, surrogacy, ET, eugenics, cryopreservation: USA, clinics, health professionals, IVF, law, legislation, policy, insurance, embryos, research, records, economics, parenthood, medicalisation, surrogacy, ET, eugenics, cryopreservation.
This study of 88 directors of USA, IVF clinics found that they favoured the provision of such measures as government funding of IVF research, laws regarding insurance for IVF, and laws clarifying paternity issues when donors were utilised. They were divided over controversial issues like gender preselection and were generally opposed to measures which would restrict their activities or make them more publically accountable.
72. Bonnicksen AL. In Vitro Fertilization: Building Policy from Laboratories to Legislatures. New York: Columbia University Press; 1989.
IVF, policy, USA, couples, motivation, assisted reproduction, gfenetic screening, regulation, clinics, doctors, commercialisation: IVF, policy, USA, couples, motivation, assisted reproduction, gfenetic screening, regulation, clinics, doctors, commercialisation.
Includes comment on couples seeking 'perfect' children and lack of regulation of American clinics. See Blank 1995, not seen.
73. Bonnicksen A. A Commentary on Four Papers on Surrogae Motherhood. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):195-98.
surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction: surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction.
in library.
74. Bowman G. Babies with a secret past. New Zealand Women's Weekly; 1990.
75. Bozett FW. Gay Fathers: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Homosexuality. 1989;18:137-62.
gay men, fatherhood, lesbian, couples, identity, family, social support, motherhood, child development, psychological, economics, gender, parenthood, social attitudes: gay men, fatherhood, lesbian, couples, identity, family, social support, motherhood, child development, psychological, economics, gender, parenthood, social attitudes.
This review of studies about gay fathers, found that gay men generally thought their sexuality had little impact on their relationship with their child, that they tended to invest a lot in parenting and try to play out both parenting sex-roles. Studies found little difference between gay male, lesbian and heterosexual parenting.
76. Bradley D. Homosexuality and Child Custody in English Law. International Journal of Law and the Family. 1987;1:155-205.
gay men, lesbian, law, interests of child, UK, HIV, lawyers, sexuality, social attitudes, adoption, couples, child development, gender: gay men, lesbian, law, interests of child, UK, HIV, lawyers, sexuality, social attitudes, adoption, couples, child development, gender.
This paper looks at recent UK legal decisions with regard to adoption and access cases involving homosexual parents. It looks also more generally at how homosexuals are viewed in UK law, and at theories which attempt to explain discrimination against homosexuals.
77. Brahams D. Assisted Reproduction and Selective Reduction of Pregnancy. The Lancet. 1987(December 12):1409-10.
law, assisted reproduction, IVF, GIFT, ethics, law, embryos, abortion, licensing, doctors, clinics, pregnancy, women: law, assisted reproduction, IVF, GIFT, ethics, law, embryos, abortion, licensing, doctors, clinics, pregnancy, women.
This paper looks at the situation in which multiple embryos have been implanted in a woman via IVF, GIFT, etc., and are coming to term, and where this increases the risk to the mother, and/ or the chances that some or all of them will perish, and/or whether this number of children are wanted. It looks at the practice of reducing the number of fetuses at this point, and what the legal and ethical situation is. Specifically looking at whether this constitutes an abortion or a miscarriage under UK law.
78. Brahams D. Surrogacy, Adoption, and Custody. The Lancet. 1987(April 4):817.
surrogacy, adoption, law, payment, commercialisation, interests of child, UK: surrogacy, adoption, law, payment, commercialisation, interests of child, UK.
This paper outlines recent cases involving surrogacy in the UK, and the current legal situation. It suggests non-commercial surrogacy agencies could be set up.
79. Brahams D. The Hasty British Ban on Commercial Surrogacy. Hastings Center Report. 1987(February):16-19.
surrogacy, commercialisation, UK, prohibition, advertising, interests of child, motherhood, policy, regulation, legislation, law, social attitudes: surrogacy, commercialisation, UK, prohibition, advertising, interests of child, motherhood, policy, regulation, legislation, law, social attitudes.
This paper looks at the situations leading up to the passing of the 1985 Surrogacy Arrangements Act which banned commercial surrogacy. It argues that theinterests of child may be best served by not having as someone as a surrogate mother, a person who may at some point make a emotional claim on the child for her 'gift' of her womb use. It thus favours a looser approach to commercial surrogacy than is presently in force.
80. Brahams D. Ethics and the law: The law and assisted human conception. British Medical Bulletin. 1990;46(3):850-9.
law, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, commercialisation, race, DI, ET, GIFT, ZIFT, IVF, ethics, abortion, interests of child, embryos, rights, doctors, research, secrecy, legislation, UK: law, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, commercialisation, race, DI, ET, GIFT, ZIFT, IVF, ethics, abortion, interests of child, embryos, rights, doctors, research, secrecy, legislation, UK.
This paper proveds a summary of some legal questions associated with ARTs, including: surrogacy, commercialisation, right to treatment, secrecy/openness issues, embryo research, and reduction of multiple pregnancies.81. Brakel LAM. A Modern "Solution" to the Oedipal Problem: A Fantasy of Surrogate Motherhood. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 1988;57:87-91.
psychological, surrogacy, motherhood, sexuality, pregnancy, adult development: psychological, surrogacy, motherhood, sexuality, pregnancy, adult development.
Discussion of a case involving a woman who has a surrogate motherhood fantasy. V. Psychoanalytic. Of little use.
82. Brand HJ. Complexity of Motivation for Artificial Insemination by Donor. Psychological Reports. 1987;60:951-5.
motivation, DI, couples, parenthood, women, men, psychosocial, adoption, social attitudes, selection: motivation, DI, couples, parenthood, women, men, psychosocial, adoption, social attitudes, selection.
This paper discusses the various motives that men and women in infertile couples have for attempting DI. Looks at these in terms of doctors having to select couples for this procedure.
83. Brand HJ. The Influence of Sex Differences on the Acceptance of Infertility. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7:129-31.
gender, infertility, psychosocial, stress, couples, men, women, psychological: gender, infertility, psychosocial, stress, couples, men, women, psychological.
This study of couples undergoing infertility treatment found that women were significantly more likely to discuss infertility, found it easier to talk about the subject and found the intensity of infertility greater than did men.
84. Braude P, Johnson M. Embryo research: yes or no? Warnock legislation begins in the House of Lords. British Medical Journal. 1989;299(2 December):1349-51.
embryos, research, legislation, IVF, cryopreservation, infertility, contraception, prohibition, scientists: embryos, research, legislation, IVF, cryopreservation, infertility, contraception, prohibition, scientists.
This paper argues in favour of embryo research on the grounds that it helps find cure for disease, helps identify genetic causes of disease, and is better for women.
85. Braude P, Johnson MH, Aitken RJ. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill goes to report stage. British Medical Journal. 1990;300(2 June):1410-2.
UK, legislation, secrecy, openness, clinics, DI, semen donors, liscensing, counselling, interests of child, GIFT, medical aspects: UK, legislation, secrecy, openness, clinics, DI, semen donors, liscensing, counselling, interests of child, GIFT, medical aspects.
This paper calls for clarification in the HFE Bill before it comes to pass on issues of donor anonymity in DI (it argues in favour of this) and whether or not GIFT is covered by the Act.
86. Brewaeys A, Olbrechts H, Devroey P, Steirteghem ACV. Counselling and selection of homosexual couples in fertility treatment. Human Reproduction. 1989;4(7, October):850-3.
lesbian, sexuality, psychological, counselling, selection, motherhood, parenthood, social class, DI, child development, gender, family, social attitudes, ethics, reproductive rights, openness, Belgium, psychosocial: lesbian, sexuality, psychological, counselling, selection, motherhood, parenthood, social class, DI, child development, gender, family, social attitudes, ethics, reproductive rights, openness, Belgium, psychosocial.
This study of lesbian couples presenting for DI at a Belgian clinic reports that of 27 couples 21 were accepted, 5 refused and 1 couple did not complete the evaluation. It gives reasons for acceptance and rejection and outlines information about the couples attitudes to parenthood, sexuality, their openness about their sexuality, and the way they perceived others attitudes to their sexuality. Discusses issues generally and notes that in such situations DI can not be kept from offspring.
87. British Association of Social Workers' Warnock Working Party. British Association of Social Workers' Response to Consultation Document 'Legislation on Human Infertility Services and Embryo Research': British Association of Social Workers; 1987.
88. British Infertility Counselling A. British Infertility Counselling Association, Papers given at Northern Study Day on 29th October 1990 at York District Hospital. Presented at the British Infertility Counselling Association, Northern Study Day; York District Hospital, York, UK; 1990.
incomplete: incomplete.
This collection of addresses contains: a brief recent history of infertility treatments in England and Wales, feminist thoughts on infertilty, consumer viewpoints on infertility, reports on counselling in IVF and DI settings, and on the experiences of a support group in a district hospital.
89. British Medical Association WPoHIs, Professional scientific and International Affairs division. Surrogacy: Ethical Considerations. Report of the Working Party on Human Infertility services, Professional scientific and International Affairs division: British Medical Association; 1990.
90. Brody EB. Reproduction Without Sex - But with the Doctor. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1987;15(3, Fall):152-5.
doctors, women, assisted reproduction, medicalisation, technology, surrogacy, assisted reproduction, IVF, motherhood, commercialisation, ethics, policy, SET, counselling, couples, social attitudes: doctors, women, assisted reproduction, medicalisation, technology, surrogacy, assisted reproduction, IVF, motherhood, commercialisation, ethics, policy, SET, counselling, couples, social attitudes.
This paper looks at the role of doctors working with infertile women. It looks at assisted reproduction generally as well as surrogacy and SET. Addresses public policy, moral arbitration issues, counselling,and the importance of treating couples not just women.91. Brody E. Culture, reproductive technology and women's rights: an intergovernmental perspective. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;9:199-205.
culture, women, rights, assisted reproduction, law, legislation,: culture, women, rights, assisted reproduction, law, legislation,.
not seen, See Brody 1993.
92. Brody EB. Human rights aspects of traffic in human fetuses: an international perspective. In: Hall Ev, Everard W, eds. The Free Woman: Women's Health in the 1990s: Parthenon Publishing; 1989.
rights, embryos, policy, psychosocial, social class, technology, regulation, race, Germany, USA, Europe, fetal tissue, abortion, IVF, ethics, research, family, assisted reproduction, scientists, prohibition, commercialisation, UN, genetic engineering, payment, semen donors, doctors, egg donors: rights, embryos, policy, psychosocial, social class, technology, regulation, race, Germany, USA, Europe, fetal tissue, abortion, IVF, ethics, research, family, assisted reproduction, scientists, prohibition, commercialisation, UN, genetic engineering, payment, semen donors, doctors, egg donors.
This paper surveys international political opinion on fetal tissue donation and commercialisation and raises a number of ethical questions in this area around scientific research, differing cultural and economic aproaches, doctors roles etc.
93. Bromham D, Stewart JB, Stratton P, Clement NM, Jackson J. Surrogacy - the Issues. Leeds: University of Leeds Review; 1990.
94. Brotherton J. Artificial Insemination with Fresh Donor Semen. Archives of Andrology. 1990;25:173-9.
semen donors, HIV, DI, STDs, selection, law, ethics psychological, medical aspects, religion, fatherhood, secrecy, adoption, social attitudes, single women, couples, lesbian, consanguinity, payment, doctors: semen donors, HIV, DI, STDs, selection, law, ethics psychological, medical aspects, religion, fatherhood, secrecy, adoption, social attitudes, single women, couples, lesbian, consanguinity, payment, doctors.
This paper looks briefly at legal, ethical, cultural, religious and psychological aspects of DI ; and then describes the technical aspects of the procedure. Also discusses slight bias to male births resulting from DI.
95. Brown H, Dent M, Dyer LM, al. e. Legal rights and issues surrounding conception, pregnancy, and birth. Vanderbilt Law Review. 1986;39:597.
law, USA, rights, pregnancy, embryos, women, assisted reproduction, parenthood, economics, legislation: law, USA, rights, pregnancy, embryos, women, assisted reproduction, parenthood, economics, legislation.
not seen, See Mason, 1990.
96. Bruce N, Mitchell A, Priestley K. Truth and the child: a contribution to the debate on the Warnock Report. Edinburgh: Family Care; 1988.
97. Bruce N. On the importance of genetic knowledge. Children and Society. 1990;4(2):183-96.
openness, offspring, couples, semen donors, egg donors, policy, law, social attitudes: openness, offspring, couples, semen donors, egg donors, policy, law, social attitudes.
not seen.
98. Brumby M, Levine M. Attitudes Towards IVF: A Comparison of the Values of Supporters and Opponents. Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 1986;11(4):24-31.
Australia, IVF, couples, infertility, technology, religion, social attitudes, abortion, ethics, embryos, cryopreservation, ET, family: Australia, IVF, couples, infertility, technology, religion, social attitudes, abortion, ethics, embryos, cryopreservation, ET, family.
This paper presents the results of a survey into Australians attitudes to IVF, embryo, freezing and transfer. Found that those who were disapproving of IVF generally had strong religious beliefs, tended to be conservative, opposed to abortion and questioning of the value of technology.
99. Brumby MN. Education and the new technologies in reproduction. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1986;4:125-31.
education, assisted reproduction, motherhood, technology, contraception, infertility, law, family, IVF, fatherhood, legislation, scientists, Australia, UK: education, assisted reproduction, motherhood, technology, contraception, infertility, law, family, IVF, fatherhood, legislation, scientists, Australia, UK.
This paper looks at how and what young people should be taught at schools about, ART's, different types of motherhood and fatherhood, and the implications of this for the modern family.
100. Brumby M, Kasimba P. When Is Cloning Lawful? Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1987;4(4):198-204.
legislation, Australia, cloning, embryos, research, IVF, scientists, prohibition: legislation, Australia, cloning, embryos, research, IVF, scientists, prohibition.
This paper looks at the prohibition of cloning in Victorian law, and the problem that there are different levels of cloning, some of which may not have been intended to be included in the law by the legislators when the law was brought into being.101. Buckle S, Dawson K, Singer P. The Syngamy Debate: When Precisely Does a Human Life Begin? Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1989;17(2):174-81.
embryos, ethics, legislation, Australia, prohibition, research, regulation, medical aspects: embryos, ethics, legislation, Australia, prohibition, research, regulation, medical aspects.
This paper looks at the arguments leading up to the Victorian legislation on embryo research regulation. It looks at medical aspects of the argument about when humen life begins exactly.
102. Bulletin CL. Status of Children Amendment Act1987 - New Zealand. Commonwealth Law Bulletin; 1987.
103. Burda D. Arm of surrogate parent legislation reaches hospitals. Hospitals. 1987(July, 5):53-4.
regulation, prohibition, surrogacy, clinics, law, economics, USA, women, couples, commercialisation, economics, legislation, infertility: regulation, prohibition, surrogacy, clinics, law, economics, USA, women, couples, commercialisation, economics, legislation, infertility.
This report on the impact of the USA 'Baby M' case on the development of surrogacy legislation. It notes that certain states are considering regulating, prohibiting or instigating studies into this area. It notes the potential financial benfits for hospitals in terms of providing infertility checks and acting as surrogacy agencies.
104. Burns LH. Infertility as Boundary Ambiguity: One Theoretical Perspective. Family Process. 1987;26:369-72.
infertility, family, couples, coping skills, process, psychosocial, psychological, stress, crisis, parenthood, identity, sexuality, child development, adult development, assisted reproduction, adoption: infertility, family, couples, coping skills, process, psychosocial, psychological, stress, crisis, parenthood, identity, sexuality, child development, adult development, assisted reproduction, adoption.
This paper looks at the impact of infertility on couples in terms of the way it effects their sexuality, identity, their ability to achieve an adult role and a functional marriage, and to break away from their parents. It also looks at the way creating a fantsasy child in place of an actual child can prevent couples from talking to each other and hinder their individual development, the development of their marriage and of any children they may eventually raise.
105. Burns LH. An exploratory study of perceptions of parenting after infertility. Family Systems Medicines. 1990;8(2):177-89.
infertility, parenting, couples, psychosocial, family: infertility, parenting, couples, psychosocial, family.
not seen, See Schaffer and Diamond 1993.
106. Burton B, Chan CLK, Puszko Z, Wood EC. Attitudes Towards Oocyte and Embryo Donation and Disposal. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1986;26:304-8.
egg donors, IVF, couples, family, social attitudes, Australia, embryos, research, cryopreservation: egg donors, IVF, couples, family, social attitudes, Australia, embryos, research, cryopreservation.
This study of infertile people undergoing IVF and of their friends and families looked at various forms of egg and embryos donation and issues of freezing, storage, research and termination and who should decide.
107. Bydgeman M. Swedish law concerning insemination. IPPF Medical Bulletin. 1989;23(5 (5 October)):3-4.
Sweden, law, doctors, DI, semen donors, regulation, offspring, rights, single women, secrecy, recruitment, couples: Sweden, law, doctors, DI, semen donors, regulation, offspring, rights, single women, secrecy, recruitment, couples.
This article outlines the contents of the 1985 Swedish Insemination Act, the doctors opposition to it, and the consequences of it; notably that DI offspring have gained the legal status equivalent to that of adopted children, that more couples are seeking DI abroad, and at the time of writing of this paper the increased difficulty of getting men to donate.
108. Cabau A, Senarclens Md. Psychological aspects of infertility. In: Insler V, Lunenfield B, eds. Infertility Male and Female. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston; 1986.
psychological, stress, infertility, abortion, couples, doctors, health professionals, family, men , women, pregnancy, process, sexuality, DI, doctor patient relations: psychological, stress, infertility, abortion, couples, doctors, health professionals, family, men , women, pregnancy, process, sexuality, DI, doctor patient relations.
This paper critically reviews psychological literature about infertility: it looks at papers about the psychological cause of infertility, the effect of infertility on couples and individuals, the importance of the doctor patient relationship, the psychological history of infertile couples, and the psychoneurophsyiological causes of infertility. It also presents its own approach, which has a psychoanalytic bias.
109. Cahill LS. The Ethics of Surrogate Motherhood: Biology, Freedom, and Moral Obligation. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2, Spring):65-71.
ethics, law, surrogacy, motherhood, infertility, family, technology, adoption, couples, interests of child, blood bond, reproductive rights, rights, feminism, parenthood, USA: ethics, law, surrogacy, motherhood, infertility, family, technology, adoption, couples, interests of child, blood bond, reproductive rights, rights, feminism, parenthood, USA.
This paper looks at legal and ethical issues surrounding surrogacy in relation to arguments about the rights and responsibilities of various participants and the best interests of the child.
110. Callahan S, Shannon TA, Harvey JC. Lovemaking and Babymaking/ What the market will bear/ Diagnosing the Vatican 'Instruction'. Commonweal. 1987(24 April):233-9.
Catholic, IVF, egg donors, semen donors, family, society, ethics, couples, surrogacy, hitory, society, ethics, DI, egg donoation, technologu, doctors, aadoption, interests of child, identity, blood bond, divorce, contracts, psychosocial, payment, commodification commercialisation, assisted reproduction,: Catholic, IVF, egg donors, semen donors, family, society, ethics, couples, surrogacy, hitory, society, ethics, DI, egg donoation, technologu, doctors, aadoption, interests of child, identity, blood bond, divorce, contracts, psychosocial, payment, commodification commercialisation, assisted reproduction,.
This paper firstly outlines liberal and conservative approaches to ARTs. It then argues that these are acceptable except when third patry gametes are introduced. It argues this on the grounds of the importance of genetic bonding, the centrality of the family to society, the importance of maintaining traditional cultural norms and the need to avoid commodification and commercialisation of humanity. Two smaller sub-articles discuss respectively the rise of commodification in a capitalistic culture and the role of Catholic doctors in responding to the Vatican teaching on this matter.111. Callan VJ, Hennessey JF. The Experiences of Infertile Couples. Australian Journal of Early Childhood. 1986;11(4):32-6.
infertility, couples, Australia, IVF, adoption, stress, DI, process: infertility, couples, Australia, IVF, adoption, stress, DI, process.
This study of 77 couples who had been involved in an IVF program found that 50% had made arrangements to adopt, 23% had made arrangements for DI, while only a small % were interested in fostering. It found that most women would stop using IVF after 5-6 attempts, most found the 2nd attempt most stressful. It descibes stressful periods in the IVF process. It also looks at repondents experiences of adoption agencies; some agencies being opposed to accepting IVF couples onto waiting lists,.
112. Callan VJ. The Personal and Marital Adjustment of Mothers and of Voluntarily and Involuntarily Childless Wives. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1987;49(November):847-56.
motherhood, childfree, infertility, women, couples, psychological, psychosocial, stigma, IVF, stress, social support: motherhood, childfree, infertility, women, couples, psychological, psychosocial, stigma, IVF, stress, social support.
This study comparing the levels of satisfaction of infertile women on an IVF programme, mothers with young children, and voluntarily childless women in various areas of their lives found that in general all three groups were equally happy. However, the infertile women expressed greater frustration with the lack of fulfillment , purpose and variety in their lives. They also experienced especially close relationships with their husband and family.
113. Callan VJ, Hennessey JF. The psychological adjustment of women experience infertility. Journal of Medical Psychology. 1988;61:137-40.
psychological, motherhood, infertility, IVF, women, psychosocial: psychological, motherhood, infertility, IVF, women, psychosocial.
This study of two groups of women undergoing IVF treatment; those who had no children and those who had had children found that those with children considered life to be more interesting and rewarding, and less lonely. Discusses this in relation to earlier studies.
114. Callan VJ, Hennessey JF. Emotional Aspects and Support in in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Programs. Journal of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1988;5(5):290-5.
psychosocial, stress, IVF, ET, infertility, couples, social support, psychological, women, counselling, doctors, coping skills, social attitudes, selection: psychosocial, stress, IVF, ET, infertility, couples, social support, psychological, women, counselling, doctors, coping skills, social attitudes, selection.
This study of 77 women who underwent IVF or ET procedures reports on their perceived social support, the aspects of the procedures they most disliked, the reaction of others around them to their infertility, their persistence in continuing with the treatment, and the state of their marrriages.
115. Callan VJ, Kloske B, Kashima Y, Hennessey JF. Towards Understanding Women's Decisions to Continue or Stop in Vitro Fertilization: The Role of Social, Psychological, and Background Factors. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1988;5(6):1988.
IVF, women, psychosocial, psychological, ET, couples, stress, social attitudes, social support: IVF, women, psychosocial, psychological, ET, couples, stress, social attitudes, social support.
This study of 254 IVF women found that the women who wished to continue with IVF, as compared to those who were not; were less likely to have children already and tended to have older husbands, they were also more optimistic about achieving pregnancy, and more likely to feel that those around them were in favour of their continuing.
116. Callan V. Infertility: A Guide for Couples. Melbourne, Australia: Pitman; 1988.
parenthood, infertility, in vitro fertilisation, support groups, counselling, psychosocial, couples, doctors, law, medicical aspects: parenthood, infertility, in vitro fertilisation, support groups, counselling, psychosocial, couples, doctors, law, medicical aspects.
This Australian guidebook for the infertile looks at ways of defining, livingwith and coping with infertility. It describes IVF procedures and looks at ways in which pregnancies can go wrong. It also addresses legal issues in relation to parenthood, and discusses the reasons why people want children.
117. Callan VJ, Hennessey JF. Strategies for coping with infertility. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1989;62:343-54.
psychosocial, social support, couples, infertility, process, coping skills, stress: psychosocial, social support, couples, infertility, process, coping skills, stress.
This article outlines a number of cognitive coping models which couples can utilise in responding to infertility. It describes 9 models which it divides into three categories: Appraisal focused coping, Problem focused coping, and Emotion focused coping. The article also raises a number of research questions about social support and the coping process.
118. Callen VJ. The personal and marital adjustment of mothers and of voluntarily and involuntarily childless wives. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1987;49:847-56.
motherhood, child free, women, infertility, couples, family: motherhood, child free, women, infertility, couples, family.
Not seen, See Schaffer and Diamond, 1993.
119. Cameron IT, Rogers PAW, Caro C, Harman J, Healy DL, Leeton JF. Oocyte donation: a review. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1989;96:893-9.
egg donors, medical aspects, IVF, GIFT, egg donation, cryopreservation, embryos: egg donors, medical aspects, IVF, GIFT, egg donation, cryopreservation, embryos.
This paper presents a medical overview of egg donation, recent developments and success rates.
120. Cannell F. concepts of parenthood: the Warnock Report, the Gillick debate, and modern myths. american ethnologist. 1989.
parenthood, surrogacy, contraception, legislation, UK, regulation, family, social attitudes, media, doctors, adolescents, sexuality, prohibition, motherhood, gender: parenthood, surrogacy, contraception, legislation, UK, regulation, family, social attitudes, media, doctors, adolescents, sexuality, prohibition, motherhood, gender.
This paper looks at how both the arguments used in the Warnock report and those used in a battle to get the issuing of contraceptives to under 16 years olds banned, used arguments about how biological blood links defined 'natural 'and 'family'. Surrogacy is also discussed in relation to this.121. Caplan AL. The Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization. Biomedical Ethics. 1986;13(2):241-53.
ethics, embryos, IVF, regulation, psychosocial, interests of child, USA, law, licensing, infertility, DI, surrogacy, commercialisation, policy, clinics, blood bond, family, ET: ethics, embryos, IVF, regulation, psychosocial, interests of child, USA, law, licensing, infertility, DI, surrogacy, commercialisation, policy, clinics, blood bond, family, ET.
This paper uses IVF as a case study of the ethical issues surrounding ARTs. It looks at issues of the status of infertility as a disease, the status of the embryo, and issues of access.
122. Caplan AL. The New Technologies in Reproduction: New Ethical Problems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988;530:73-82.
ethics, IVF, technology, USA, UK, research, reproductive rights, research, social attitudes: ethics, IVF, technology, USA, UK, research, reproductive rights, research, social attitudes.
This paper looks at the ethics of IVF in the light of a number of ethical principles. It also addresses whether IVF is experimantal or a true therapy, and highlights its (lack of) success rates.
123. Capron AM, Radin MJ. Choosing Family Law over Contract law as a Paradigm for Surrogate Motherhood. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2, Spring):35-43.
family, law, surrogacy, motherhood, adoption, commercialisation, prohibition, USA, interests of child, parenthood, payment, social workers, records, regulation, DI, policy, rights, reproductive rights, egg donation: family, law, surrogacy, motherhood, adoption, commercialisation, prohibition, USA, interests of child, parenthood, payment, social workers, records, regulation, DI, policy, rights, reproductive rights, egg donation.
This paper argues that surrogacy law should be similar to adoption in regards to the parentage of the child, rather than contracts law which leans towards commercialisation. Also addresses DI and egg donation on same issue.
124. Carbone. The Limits of Family Contract Law: An Analysis of Family Planning. Logos. 1988;9:147-60.
family, law, couples: family, law, couples.
not seen.
125. Carr EK, Friedman T, Lannon B, Sharp PC. The study of psychological factors in couples receiving artificial insemination by donor: a discussion of methodological dificulties. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1990;15:906-10.
psychological, couples, DI, methods, ethics, nurses, recruitment, stress, secrecy,: psychological, couples, DI, methods, ethics, nurses, recruitment, stress, secrecy,.
This paper looks at issues involved in collecting informating about the stresses of couples undergoing DI. Looks at relevance of such research from a nursing perspective.
126. Carson SA. Sex selection: the ultimate in family planning. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;50(1):16-19.
gender, family, IVF, medical aspects, couples, pregnancy: gender, family, IVF, medical aspects, couples, pregnancy.
This papers outlines ways in which sex selection can be achieved. Some of these methods utilise IVF procedures.
127. Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing Coping Strategies: A Theoretically Based Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989;56(2):267-83.
counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, social support, psychosocial, religion: counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, social support, psychosocial, religion.
This paper presents the results of three studies into the effectiveness of problem focussed, emotion focussed and other types of coping with stress. Looks at the relationships between these different sets of techniques.
128. Caton H. The Ethics of Human Embryo Experimentation: Testimony of Scientists to the Australian Senate Select Committee on the Harradine Bill. Presented at the 57th annual ANZAAS Congress; Pamerston North, New Zealand; 1987.
embryos, research, scientists, Australia, law, legislation, ethics, regulation, medicalisation, philosophy, eugenics, prohibition, IVF, genetic screening, abortion, DI, surrogacy: embryos, research, scientists, Australia, law, legislation, ethics, regulation, medicalisation, philosophy, eugenics, prohibition, IVF, genetic screening, abortion, DI, surrogacy.
This paper looks at the response of embryo research scientists to an Australian bill which sought to ban all embryo research. Included in this response was a threat to cease all IVF research if the bill was passed. Paper discusses, the philosophies of the various proponents in this debate, and looks at where the debate may go in the future.
129. Chalmers DRC. No Primrose Path. Surrogacy and the Role of the Criminal Law. Medicine and Law. 1989;7:595-606.
surrogacy, law, UK, legislation, regulation, family, payment, commercialisation, psychological, psychosocial, child development, class, policy, motherhood, couples, interests of child, prohibition, Australia: surrogacy, law, UK, legislation, regulation, family, payment, commercialisation, psychological, psychosocial, child development, class, policy, motherhood, couples, interests of child, prohibition, Australia.
This paper looks at recent UK legislation and various government committee reports, in relation to surrogacy. It argues against criminalisation in regard to surrogacy, and against the applicability of contract law in this situation.
130. Chambers A. Conception and Infertility (Chapter 6). Reproduction in Nanumea (Tuvalu): An Ethnography of Fertility and Birth. Working Papers in Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistics, Maori Studies. No.72. Auckland, NZ: University of Auckland Department of Anthropology; 1986.
infertility, pregnancy, women, gender, adoption, couples, contraception, Tuvalu, social attitudes, post menopausal: infertility, pregnancy, women, gender, adoption, couples, contraception, Tuvalu, social attitudes, post menopausal.
This chapter of a study of fertility and birth in Nanumea (Tuvalu), looks specifically at womens' attitudes to infertility, conception and menopause. It describes views about how and when women become fertile, treatments for infertility, and rituals for ensuring the birth of a child of a particular sex. Women are generally seen to be the cause of infertility and treatment for this includes, massage, heat treatment, herbal drinks and prayer.131. Chapman C, Dorner P, Silber D, Winterberg TS. Meeting the Needs of the Adoption Triangle through Open Adoption: The Adoptee. Child and Adolescent Social Work. 1987;4(2, Summer):78-91.
adoption, child development, known, identity, offspring, stress, infertility, telling the child, health professionals: adoption, child development, known, identity, offspring, stress, infertility, telling the child, health professionals.
This paper discusses the issues involved in open adoption for the child and the adoption professional. It is generally in favour of this arrangement and focusses on developmental issues.
132. Charo RA. Legislative Approaches to Surrogate Motherhood. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2, Spring):96-112.
surrogacy, motherhood, legislation, law, couples, class, education, payment, USA, adoption, commercialisation, parenthood, doctors, abortion, rights, blood bond, policy, family, social atitudes, regulation, prohibition, economics: surrogacy, motherhood, legislation, law, couples, class, education, payment, USA, adoption, commercialisation, parenthood, doctors, abortion, rights, blood bond, policy, family, social atitudes, regulation, prohibition, economics.
This paper looks at the types of people who become involved in surrogacy arrangements, and the current legal approaches to surrogacy particularly in the USA. It recommends that the federal government, should act to reduce the need for surrogacy, harmonize state laws, prohibit enforcement of surrogacy contracts, clarify issues in regard to transnational disputes, ban commercialsation, and legally define 'mother'.
133. Chatterton RT. The Role of Stress in Female Reproduction: Animal and Human Considerations. International Journal of Fertility. 1990;38:8-13.
stress, medical aspects, psychosocial, psychological, infertility: stress, medical aspects, psychosocial, psychological, infertility.
This paper draws on animal research to look at the relationship between stress and reproduction.
134. Chauhan M, Barratt CLR, Cooke S, Cooke ID. A protocol for recruitment and screening of semen donors for an artificial insemination by donor programme. Human Reproduction. 1988;3(7):873-876.
semen donors, STDs, screening, selection, DI, recruitment, payment, UK: semen donors, STDs, screening, selection, DI, recruitment, payment, UK.
This study outlines a structured protocol for the recruitment and screening of semen donors for a DI programme. 191 potential donors were assessed. A step-wise analysis of these men is presented, reasons for and rates of rejections at each stage are documented and explained. A simple, structured approach to the assessment of potential semen donors is proposed. Recruited donors by advertising in the student press, posters at tertiary institutions and in local papers. Also existing donors and staff encouraged to recruit. Most potential donors were students and main motivation for donating was financial. Admitted that recruiting mature married men would likely mean less incidence of STDs but this was difficult.
135. Chinn PL. Book Reviews: 1) Man-made Women: How New Reproductive Technologies Affect Women: 2) Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control and Contraceptive Choice: 3) Reproductive Technologies: Gender, Motherhood and Medicine. Signs. 1990(Winter):400-5.
feminism, reproductive rights, technology, assisted reproduction, medicalisation, rights, women, law, parenthood, economics, family, nurses, HIV, gender: feminism, reproductive rights, technology, assisted reproduction, medicalisation, rights, women, law, parenthood, economics, family, nurses, HIV, gender.
This review of these books comments on issues of power, the male dominated nuclear family, reproductive and other rights, and the value of nursing.
136. Christiaens M. Artificial insemination by donor and the view of man. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1988;28:347-52.
DI, philosophy, ethics, male infertility, interests of child, couples, parenthood, blood bond, psychological, stress, psychosocial, adoption, child free, secrecy, telling the child, semen donors: DI, philosophy, ethics, male infertility, interests of child, couples, parenthood, blood bond, psychological, stress, psychosocial, adoption, child free, secrecy, telling the child, semen donors.
This paper looks philosophically at why people have children, and whether DI can be used to meet the desire for children in the same way that biological children can. Also looks at issues of human image and how DI affects the child and the donor.
137. Christianson C. Support Groups for Infertile Patients. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatal Nursing. 1986;July/August 1985:293-6.
Nurses, support groups, social support, infertility: Nurses, support groups, social support, infertility.
This article is a guide for nurses interested in setting up infertility support groups. It defines support groups, looks at myths about them, discusses the organisation of such groups and the nurses role in this, and lists US infertility support organisations.
138. Christie GL, Pawson ME. Barren womenhood - psychological aspects of infertility. In: Ashurst P, Hall Z, eds. Understanding women in distress. London: Tavistock/Routledge; 1989.
psychological, women , female infertility, doctors: psychological, women , female infertility, doctors.
Psychoanalytical.
139. Cirasole DM, Seager J. Women and Reproducitve Technologies: A Partially Annotated Bibliography. In: Baruch EH, Jr. AFDA, Seager J, eds. Embryos, Ethics, and Women's Rights. Exploring the New Reproductive Technologies. New York: Harrington Park Press; 1988.
embryos, women, rights, law, feminism, assisted reproduction, medical aspects, economics, IVF, pregnancy rates, post menopausal, ethics, cryopreservation, GIFT, technology, ethics, commodification, counselling, disability, gender, lesbian, psychological, Catholic, policy, single women, reproductive rights, family, abortion, commercialisation, surrogacy, motherhood, genetic screening, eugenics, sex selection, disability, contraception, sterilisation,: embryos, women, rights, law, feminism, assisted reproduction, medical aspects, economics, IVF, pregnancy rates, post menopausal, ethics, cryopreservation, GIFT, technology, ethics, commodification, counselling, disability, gender, lesbian, psychological, Catholic, policy, single women, reproductive rights, family, abortion, commercialisation, surrogacy, motherhood, genetic screening, eugenics, sex selection, disability, contraception, sterilisation,.
This bibliography has four Parts :General Information, Law and Policy considerations, Individual Technologies, and Further References. Comes from a feminist perspective.
140. Clamar A. Psychological Implications of the Anonymous Pregnancy. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
couples, psychosocial, donor, secrecy, women, grief process, male infertility: couples, psychosocial, donor, secrecy, women, grief process, male infertility.
This chapter focuses on the effect of DI on married couples. It asserts that DI women recipients are characterised by traits of conformity, while donors are characteried by traits of intelligence and risk-taking. It mentions the benefits of a period of waiting between discovery of male infertility and DI. It also discusses secrecy, and comes out in opposition to it and notes the tendency of the couple to downplay the role of the donor.141. Clarke AE. Controversy and the Development of Reproductive Sciences. Social Problems. 1990;37(1):18-37.
assisted reproduction, technology, scientists, doctors, policy, sexuality, social attitudes, history, contraception, eugenics, abortion, research, genetic engineering, economics, media, infertility, family: assisted reproduction, technology, scientists, doctors, policy, sexuality, social attitudes, history, contraception, eugenics, abortion, research, genetic engineering, economics, media, infertility, family.
This paper looks at groups involved in the historical development of reproductive technologies and how they come into conflict with other groups who oppose these developments at a number of points. It looks at how scientists have managed the controversy surrounding this technology.
142. Coffey A. AID Issues. Adoption and Birth Technology: New Names, Old Issues. Mental Health News. 1987(July):6-8.
adoption, assisted reproduction, DI, blood bond, parenthood, infertility, interests of child, law, family, identity, secrecy, stress, offspring, motivation, couples: adoption, assisted reproduction, DI, blood bond, parenthood, infertility, interests of child, law, family, identity, secrecy, stress, offspring, motivation, couples.
This paper looks at the the feelings of adoptive couples and conpares them to those of couples who utilise DI. Dispproves of secrecy and emphasises the interests of the child.
143. Cohen B, Friend TL. Legal and Ethical Implications of Surrogate Motherhood Contracts. Clinics in Perinatology. 1987;14(2, June):281-92.
USA, law, motherhood, assisted reproduction, ethics, couples, infertility, doctors, policy, legislation, payment, health professionals, prohibition, parenthood, adoption, counselling, psychological, practice, stress: USA, law, motherhood, assisted reproduction, ethics, couples, infertility, doctors, policy, legislation, payment, health professionals, prohibition, parenthood, adoption, counselling, psychological, practice, stress.
This article looks at ethical and legal issues in surrogacy in th USA. It also considers psychological concerns for participants, and statements of American medical bodies about doctor involvement in surrogacy.
144. Cohen S, Taub N. Reproductive Laws for the 1990s. Contemporary Issues in Biomedicine, Ethics and Society. Clifton, New Jersey, USA: Humana Press; 1989.
145. Commonwealth DoCSaHA. Commonwealth perspectives on IVF funding - A discussion paper. Australian Clinical Review. 1988;8(29, June):45-51.
IVF, Australia, assisted reproduction, technology, economics, medical aspects, GIFT, policy, research: IVF, Australia, assisted reproduction, technology, economics, medical aspects, GIFT, policy, research.
This paper discusses the reasoning behind the funding of IVF in Australia, and presents options for funding in the future.
146. Connolly KJ, Edelmann RJ, Cooke ID. Distress and Marital Problems Associated with Infertility. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1987;5:49-57.
male infertility, female infertility, stress, couples, gender, process, psychological, UK: male infertility, female infertility, stress, couples, gender, process, psychological, UK.
This study of 843 couples attending an infertility clinic in the UK, found that infertility did cause stress and that male infertility caused greater marital problems than female infertility,.
147. Cook EP. Characteristics of the Biopsychosocial Crisis of Infertility. Journal of Counselling and Development. 1987;65:465-70.
infertility, couples, counselling, psychosocial, social attitudes, social support, support groups, process, psychological, sexuality, stress, medicalisation, doctors,: infertility, couples, counselling, psychosocial, social attitudes, social support, support groups, process, psychological, sexuality, stress, medicalisation, doctors,.
This paper describes and provides advice about the crisis of infertility for counsellors. It looks at issues of medicalisation and social attitudes, self esteem and couple interaction.
148. Cook R, Parsons J, Mason B, Golombok S. Emotional, Marital and Sexual Functioning in Patients Embarking upon IVF and AID Treatment for Infertility. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7:87-93.
sexuality, psychological, couples, stress, IVF, DI, coping skills, infertility, gender: sexuality, psychological, couples, stress, IVF, DI, coping skills, infertility, gender.
This study of 59 women and 34 of their partners attending infertility clinics for IVF and DI treatment found that a similar percentage of both men and women felt that infertility had had a positive and negative effect on their marital relationship. There was also a relationship between high levels of anxiety and depression and avoidance coping mechanisms.
149. Cooper GS. An Analysis of the Costs of Infertility Treatment. Aumerican Journal of Public Health. 1986;76(8):1018-9.
economics, adoption, surrogacy, infertility, USA, assisted reproduction, DI, IVF, drugs, DI, pregnancy, Canada: economics, adoption, surrogacy, infertility, USA, assisted reproduction, DI, IVF, drugs, DI, pregnancy, Canada.
Using data from USA and Canadian clinics , this study estimates average infertility treatment costs as follows: adoption, $3-10,000: tubal infertility treatment (IVF etc.), $31,000: DI, $9,000: drug treatment $5,000: surrogacy, $20,000. All figures rounded.
150. Corcoran A. Open adoption: the child's right. Adoption and Fostering. 1988;12(3):39-41.
adoption, openness, NZ, social workers, psychological: adoption, openness, NZ, social workers, psychological.
This paper argues for open adoption and looks at a study which reports on the feelings of birth and adoptive parents, and on the positive reactions that all participants generally have to meeting each other.151. Corea G. What the King Can Not See. Women's Health. 1988;13(1-2):77-93.
IVF, doctors, scientists, assisted reproduction, infertility, motherhood, social attitudes, sexuality, medicalisation, contraception, sterilisation, economics, psychological, stress, technology, egg donation, surrogacy, pregnancy, USA, clinics: IVF, doctors, scientists, assisted reproduction, infertility, motherhood, social attitudes, sexuality, medicalisation, contraception, sterilisation, economics, psychological, stress, technology, egg donation, surrogacy, pregnancy, USA, clinics.
This paper looks at the ways social forces impell women to want children, and the ways doctors/scientists see the situation differently from women. It emphasises women's experience of the economic cost, psychological stress and physical pain of treatment, and the ways in which IVF clinics manipulate statisitics to make themselves look sucessful.
152. Corson SL, Batzer FR, Gocial B, , Bernstein J. Letter and Reply about 'surrogacy'. Journal of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1988;5(6):1988.
surrogacy, motherhood, IVF, blood bond, doctors: surrogacy, motherhood, IVF, blood bond, doctors.
This dialogue involves a query over the use of the word 'surrogate'.
153. Corson SA, English MA. What's in a Name? Journal of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1990;7(5):294-5.
IVF, doctors, GIFT, ZIFT, law, technology, legislation, assisted reproduction, surrogacy: IVF, doctors, GIFT, ZIFT, law, technology, legislation, assisted reproduction, surrogacy.
This letter is a call for standardised medical terminology so that confusion of meanings can be avoided particularly in legal and legislative situations.
154. Council of Europe PA. Joint Hearing of the Legal Affairs Committee, the Sub-commitee on Bio-Ethics of the Committee on Social and Health Questions, and the Committee on Science and Technology. Human Reproduction. 1986;1(7):463-91.
Europe, embryos, ethics, social attitudes, law, doctors, women, scientists, technology,: Europe, embryos, ethics, social attitudes, law, doctors, women, scientists, technology,.
This is a report of a discussion between various medical, ethical, scientific and legal experts on the status of embryos in various situations.
155. Coutts MC. Ethical Issues in In Vitro Fertilization. In: Literature NRCfB, ed. Scope Note 10. Washington, D. C., USA: Kennedy Institute of Ethics; 1988.
156. Crabbe J. Licensed to Live? Nursing Times. 1987;83(41: October 14):20-1.
IVF, UK, doctors, embryos, egg donors, anonymity, psychological: IVF, UK, doctors, embryos, egg donors, anonymity, psychological.
This paper looks at the work of the woman heading the VLA in the UK and its licensing role especially in relation to egg donors.
157. Craft I. Assisted Conception. Medico Legal Journal. 1989;58(1):7-17.
assisted reproduction, embryos, research, doctors, scientists, technology, known donors, semen donors, surrogacy, egg donation, pregnancy, legislation, UK, counselling, social attitudes: assisted reproduction, embryos, research, doctors, scientists, technology, known donors, semen donors, surrogacy, egg donation, pregnancy, legislation, UK, counselling, social attitudes.
This study of public attitudes to various ART issues, presents this information and discusses it in relation to legislation etc.
158. Cullen D. newspoints. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill. Adoption and Fostering. 1990;14(3):4.
surrogacy, legislation, UK, adoption, couples: surrogacy, legislation, UK, adoption, couples.
This newspiece reports on an adoption like requirement in relation to the HFE Act, associated with surrogacy.
159. Cushner IM. Reproductive Technologies: New Choices, New Hopes, Dilemmas. Family Planning Perspectives. 1986;18(3):129-32.
ethics, assisted reproduction: ethics, assisted reproduction.
not seen.
160. Dalgety D, Pryor M. Law and the biological revolution: Changes in attitude, behaviour, medical standards and technology. New Zealand Law Journal. 1986(January):25-8.
law, assisted reproduction, abortion, social attitudes, IVF, genetic engineering, rights, technology, history, scientists, USA, UK, Canada, France, NZ, embryos: law, assisted reproduction, abortion, social attitudes, IVF, genetic engineering, rights, technology, history, scientists, USA, UK, Canada, France, NZ, embryos.
This paper notes the effect of developments in assisted reproduction, on attitudes to abortion and loosening of laws in relation to this. Makes analogy between pro-life and slavery emancipation movements.161. Daly K. Reshaped Parenthood Identity. The Transition to Adoptive Parenthood. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 1988;17(1):40-66.
adoption, parenthood, infertility, process, couples, identity, stress, social attitudes, assisted reproduction, doctors: adoption, parenthood, infertility, process, couples, identity, stress, social attitudes, assisted reproduction, doctors.
This study of 74 infertile childless couples found that the process of taking on the infertile identity and the role of an adoptive parent was complex. It found that disagreements between couples at various points interfered with this process.
162. Daniels KR. Psychosocial issues associated with being a semen donor. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1986;4(5):341-51.
semen donors, psychosocial, informed consent, relationship model, network, Committees: semen donors, psychosocial, informed consent, relationship model, network, Committees.
An extensive range of psychosocial issues is discussed. These are presented via a 'relationship model' which has been developed to illustrate how the donor, through his act of donating, is involved in a series of relationships. Some of these are interactive, in that they are two way relationships, while others are non-reactive, being a one-way relationship only. These relationships and their impact need to be considered by, and discussed with, prospective donors. Only then will the donor and no merely his donation be responded to. Discussion of all the issues is essential if the principle of informed consent is to have any meaning. The reports of the Committees of Inquiry that have been set up in various parts of the world (as they related to the psychosocial aspects of semen donation) are reviewed. They, along with this paper, suggests that a comprehensive service needs to be provided for semen donors and this must include consideration of the psychosocial issues. Suggestions regarding such a service are made.
163. Daniels K. "Surrogacy": Issues and implications for Society. Presented at the New Zealand Law Conference 1987 1987.
law, surrogacy, ethics, family, records, interests of child, social attitudes, rights, NZ: law, surrogacy, ethics, family, records, interests of child, social attitudes, rights, NZ.
A discussion of the legal issues surrounding surrogacy as a public rather than private issue. It addresses issues of conflict resolution, childrens rights, commercialisation, the potential for exploitation, access issues and the integrity of public records.
164. Daniels K. Guest Editorial. Mental Health News. 1987(July):3-4.
IVF, DI, media, surrogacy, assisted reproduction, NZ, law, social attitudes, religion, doctors, women, feminism, infertility, couples, legislation, regulation, stress, psychosocial, counselling, family, policy, rights, secrecy, ethics: IVF, DI, media, surrogacy, assisted reproduction, NZ, law, social attitudes, religion, doctors, women, feminism, infertility, couples, legislation, regulation, stress, psychosocial, counselling, family, policy, rights, secrecy, ethics.
This paper presents an overview of recent developments in the discussion about infertility and ART's in NZ. It looks at recent government legislation, and the development of infertility societies.
165. Daniels K. Demand for and attitudes towards in vitro fertilisation: a study of obstetricians and gynaecologists. New Zealand Medical Journal. 1987;100(819):145-8.
IVF, doctors, legislation, screening, policy, ethics, social attitudes: IVF, doctors, legislation, screening, policy, ethics, social attitudes.
This study of 70 NZ obstetricians and gynaecologists into IVF practice in New Zealand addresses how many patients they referred, and there opinion of various aspect of IVF treatment in NZ: who should have access, what moral and religious issues there were, secrecy issues, funding procedures, appropriateness of legislation, reaction to the media coverage.
166. Daniels KR. Semen donors in New Zealand: their characteristics and attitudes. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1987;5(4):177-90.
NZ, semen donors, attitudes, characteristics, altruism, payment, infertility, anonymity, telling the child, guidelines, policy, psychosocial,: NZ, semen donors, attitudes, characteristics, altruism, payment, infertility, anonymity, telling the child, guidelines, policy, psychosocial,.
37 donors in 6 NZ programmes surveyed. Major reason for donoating was altruism but financial considerations were a factor for almost a quarter. Attitudes of donors differs from those of professionals re payment. Personal knowledge of infertile couples a factor for one quarter. Wide variation re number of times donors asked to donate - guidelines of RNZCOG. Donors almost equally divided on child's right to know nature of conception. Almost quarter would still donate if could be identifiable in future. 39% expressed interest in knowing outcomes. Policy implications are that the psychosocial needs of donors should be taken into account in policy and practice.
167. Daniels KR. Artificial insemination using donor semen and the issue of secrecy: the views of donors and recipient couples. Social Science and Medicine. 1988;27(4):377-83.
DI, secrecy, law, psychosocial, children, rights: DI, secrecy, law, psychosocial, children, rights.
A report on two studies which gathered donors and recipient couples opinions on issues of secrecy as regard to whether DI children should know about their conception or have access to identifying or non-identifying information about their genetic fathers. This information is compared to a similar Australian survey and psychosocial, legal and moral implications associated with this issue are discussed.
168. Daniels K. New Birth Technologies. A Social Work Approach to Researching the Psychosocial Factors. Social Work and Society. 1988;11(4):49-60.
psychosocial, research, methodology, assisted reproduction, social work: psychosocial, research, methodology, assisted reproduction, social work.
This article presents a systems approach to understanding the various aspects of and actors involved in assisted reproduction. It outlines the authors research emphasising the importance of social work's psychosocial approach in coming to an understanding of this area. It addresses a number of the methodological issues involved in this sort of research.
169. Daniels KR. Semen Donors: Their Motivations and Attitudes to their Offspring. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7(2):121-127.
Australia, semen donors, couples, motivation, secrecy, offspring, DI: Australia, semen donors, couples, motivation, secrecy, offspring, DI.
This study of 22 current semen donors found that donors were motivated mainly by a desire to help couples and only secondarily by money. Most of the donors were interested in the outcome of their donation and most would be willing to meet their offspring at a later date.
170. Daniels K, Lloyd M. Transcription of an Interview Between Ken Daniels and Mike Lloyd; 1990.171. Daniels KR. Psychosocial Factors in Couples Awaiting In Vitro Fertilisation. Social Work and Society. 1990;14(2):81-98.
.
This paper reviews the literature on the psychological and psychosocial aspects of in vitro fertilisation, and of consumer attitudes towards IVF. A study of the psychosocial factors reported by 61 couples who were awaiting IVF treatment in Auckland, New Zealand is presented. Results cover demograpgic characteristics, couples responses to infertility, dicision making regarding IVF, the impact of infertility on self and relationships, availability and use of counselling, expected problems associated with IVF treatment and attitudes trowards policy and ethical issues. Discussion of the results includes some implications for social work services.
172. Daniels K. Attitudes to donor insemination and in vitro fertilisation - a community perspective. Social Work and Society. 1990(6 June - 25 July, 1990):4-10.
social attitudes, DI, IVF, psychosocial, law, ethics, policy, NZ, Australia: social attitudes, DI, IVF, psychosocial, law, ethics, policy, NZ, Australia.
This paper reports the results of a magazine questionnaire which resulted in 1400 replies. The results show a high degree of support for couples being allowed to use DI and IVF and indicate a degree of concern for psychosocial, legal, policy, ethical and medical isssues. Most respondents believed there was some need for legislation or rules to control this area. The results of this survey are compared with an Australian one.
173. Daniels KR. Counselling - the private and public components. British Infertility Counselling Newsletter. 1990;3:9-11.
infertility counselling, psychosocial: infertility counselling, psychosocial.
.
174. Daniluk JC. Infertility: intrapersonal and interpersonal impact. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;49(6):982-90.
couples, psychosocial, psychological, infertility, sexuality, stress,: couples, psychosocial, psychological, infertility, sexuality, stress,.
This longitudinal study of 43 infertile couples looked at their relationship and their psychological state over a period of time. It found that while there was considerable stress at the time of initial diagnosis, the quality of couples relationships did not appear to deteriorate over time.
175. Davey DA. The Right to Be Born. Medicine and Law. 1989;7:475-82.
IVF, rights, abortion, couples, family, reproductive rights, ethics, embryos: IVF, rights, abortion, couples, family, reproductive rights, ethics, embryos.
This paper looks at issues of the rights of couples to have children or as many couples as they want, and the rights of embryos once created to actually be born.
176. Davies P. Failing the infertile. The Health Service Journal. 1986;96(5011: 7 August):1042.
UK, infertility, policy, assisted reproduction, records, economics, DI, IVF: UK, infertility, policy, assisted reproduction, records, economics, DI, IVF.
This report highlights the lack of money spent on ART treatment in the UK. It looks at the provision of services in various parts of the country, and the costs of these services.
177. Dawson K. In vitro fertilisation: legislation and problems of research. British Medical Journal. 1987;295(2: 7 November):1184-6.
IVF, Australia, legislation, embryos, research, cryopreservation, scientists, ICSI, UK: IVF, Australia, legislation, embryos, research, cryopreservation, scientists, ICSI, UK.
This paper looks at some of the problems which may arise if the Warnock commisions' recommendations pass into law.
178. Dawson K, Singer P. Should fertile people have access to in vitro fertilisation? British Medical Journal. 1990;300(20 January):167-70.
IVF, UK, Australia, couples, embryos, cryopreservation, genetic screening, surrogacy, Catholic, sex selection: IVF, UK, Australia, couples, embryos, cryopreservation, genetic screening, surrogacy, Catholic, sex selection.
This paper outlines a number of situations in which people may wish to store genetic material or use IVF for reasons other then overcoming infertility. Notes that current legislation restricts usage to infertile couples.
179. de Zoeten MJ. The waiting-list for IVF. The motivations and expectations of women waiting for IVF treatment. Human Reproduction. 1987;2(7):623-6.
IVF, women, motivation, The Netherlands, infertility, technology: IVF, women, motivation, The Netherlands, infertility, technology.
This study reports the motivations and (high) expectations women have in under taking IVF in the Netherlands.
180. Deane N. Perspectives on Surrogacy: Risks, Rewards and Personal Choices. Nova Law Review. 1989;13(2):487-90.
surrogacy: surrogacy.
not seen.181. Delaisi De Parseval G, Fagot-Largeault A. The Status of Artificially Procreated Children: International Disparities. Bioethics. 1988;2(2):136-50.
secrecy, parenthood, DI, history, France, interests of child, semen donors, law, Canada, Germany, Switerland, anonymity, single women, lesbian, UK, Australia, Sweden, IVF, blood bond, openness, egg donors, doctors, couples, family, ethics, policy,: secrecy, parenthood, DI, history, France, interests of child, semen donors, law, Canada, Germany, Switerland, anonymity, single women, lesbian, UK, Australia, Sweden, IVF, blood bond, openness, egg donors, doctors, couples, family, ethics, policy,.
This comparison of the laws of various countries in relation to DI, but also to IVF and surrogacy; looks at the ways the interests of various parties involved in DI are protected in various countries. It looks at issues of openness and secrecy and compares DI to egg donation and IVF.
182. Demyttanaere K. Psychoendocrinological Aspects of Reproduction in Women: Catholic University of Leuven; 1990.
183. Demyttenaere K, Nijs P, Evers-Kiebooms G, Koninckx PR. The effect of a specific emotional stressor on prolactin, cortisol, and testosterone concentrations in women varies whith their trait anxiety. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(6):942-8.
psychological, women, infertility, drugs, stress, medical aspects: psychological, women, infertility, drugs, stress, medical aspects.
This study looks at the relationship between infertile women's moods and their responses to infertility drugs.
184. Demyttenaere K, Ram W, Nijs P. Sexual dysfunctions in IVF women: a perinatal risk for the psychosexual development of the coming child. International Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Studies. 1989:187-93.
IVF, sexuality, psychological, couples, women, infertility, stress, parenthood, child development: IVF, sexuality, psychological, couples, women, infertility, stress, parenthood, child development.
This paper looks at the relationship between the psychology of women and their sexual problems in IVF, and the effect of this on any resultant children.
185. Department of Health and Social Security U. Legislation on Human Infertility Services and Embryo Research. A Consultation Paper. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1986.
186. Department of Social Welfare NZ. The Submission of the Department of Social Welfare of New Zealand, on the National Bioethics Consultative Committee Report on Surrogacy: Department of Social Welfare of New Zealand; 1989.
187. Dewar J. Fathers in Law? The Case of AID. In: Lee R, Morgan D, eds. BIrthrights: Law and Ethics at the Beginnings of Life; 1989.
secrecy, UK, DI, fatherhood, regulation, male infertility, lesbian, single women, law, social attitudes, family, parenthood, policy: secrecy, UK, DI, fatherhood, regulation, male infertility, lesbian, single women, law, social attitudes, family, parenthood, policy.
This paper looks at the legal issues associated with DI in the UK. It looks at the change in attitudes over time to DI and the role of the family, and particularly at issues of determining paternity. It notes that the current qualified acceptance of DI is predicated on its continued maintainence of the traditional family. This is being threatened by DI's use by lesbians and single women.
188. Dixon KM, Kelly RB, Moritz B, Bailey M. A Case of Surrogate Pregnancy. The Journal of Family Practice. 1990;30(1):19-26.
surrogacy, couples, pregnancy, ethics, psychosocial, screening, infertility, reproductive rights, commercialisation, women, payment, gender, family, class, doctors, counselling: surrogacy, couples, pregnancy, ethics, psychosocial, screening, infertility, reproductive rights, commercialisation, women, payment, gender, family, class, doctors, counselling.
This is an open dicussion about the ethics of a particular surrogacy case. It looks at reproductive rights, class and gender issues, and screening.
189. Domar AD, Seibel MM, Benson H. The Mind/Body Program for Infertility: a new behavioral treatment approach for women with infertility. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(2):246.
infertility, women, doctors, stress, psychological, education, coping skills: infertility, women, doctors, stress, psychological, education, coping skills.
This study of infertile women found that relaxation courses increased their sense of wellbeing, and possibly increased their pregnancy rate.
190. Donchin A. The Growing Feminist Debate over the New Reproductive Technologies. Hypatia. 1989;4(3):136-49.
feminism, infertility, assisted reproduction, technology, women, men, gender, couples, motherhood, medicalisation, doctors, embryos, commodification, commercialisation, surrogacy, rights, philosophy, sex selction, lesbian, single women, pregnancy, abortion, genetic engineering, DI, race, social attitudes, counselling, prevention, sexuality, family, parenthood, blood bond: feminism, infertility, assisted reproduction, technology, women, men, gender, couples, motherhood, medicalisation, doctors, embryos, commodification, commercialisation, surrogacy, rights, philosophy, sex selction, lesbian, single women, pregnancy, abortion, genetic engineering, DI, race, social attitudes, counselling, prevention, sexuality, family, parenthood, blood bond.
This paper discusses various feminist approaches to ARTs, infertility, abortion, sex selection, surrogacy etc. by outlining and critiquing four books in the area: In Search of Parenthood, by J. Lasker and S. Borg; Ethics and Human Reproduction by C. Overall; Made to Order by P. Spallone and D. Steinberg; and Reprodcutive Technologies: Gender Motherhood and Medicine by M. Stanworth.191. Donovan P. New Reproductive Technologies: Some Legal Dilemmas. Family Planning Perspectives. 1986;18(2: March/April):57-60.
assisted reproduction, parenthood, DI, law, USA, couples, records, anonymity, payment, semen donors, legislation, doctors, surrogacy, UK, egg donation, ET, IVF: assisted reproduction, parenthood, DI, law, USA, couples, records, anonymity, payment, semen donors, legislation, doctors, surrogacy, UK, egg donation, ET, IVF.
Summary of legal issues and possible developments with regard to ART's in the USA.
192. Downey J, Yingling S, McKinney M, Husami N, Jewelewicz R, Maidman J. Mood disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and distress in women presenting for infertility evaluation. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(3):425-32.
stress, psychological, sexuality, infertility, couples, process, women: stress, psychological, sexuality, infertility, couples, process, women.
This study of 59 women undergoing infertility treatments and a control group of 35 women, found that there were no significant differences between patients and controls in terms of partner relationhip satisfaction, sexual functioning, self esteem, recent psychiatric symptoms, or experience of major depressive episodes. Infertility patients did , however, report negative changes in themselves and their partners since having learnt about their infertility situation. The paper postulates that if unsucessful in achieving conception the infertility patients will experience more depression and stress over time.
193. Downey J, McKinney M. Psychiatric Research and the New Reproductive Technologies. In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology. Washington, USA: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
psychological, assisted reproduction, couples, technology, stress, gender, process, ethics, methods: psychological, assisted reproduction, couples, technology, stress, gender, process, ethics, methods.
This paper looks at the psychological impact of infertility and ART's. It looks at the scope and stresses of infertility and whether the psychological difficulties cause or are caused by infertility. It looks at the experience of infertility as a process. It looks at ethical and legal issues. It addresses areas for further research stressing longitudinal approaches and questions of who and what should be studied.
194. Downie S. Baby Making: The Technology and Ethics (excerpt from). In: Downie S, ed. Baby Making: The Technology and Ethics. London: The Bodley Head; 1988.
infertility, male infertility, stress, process, sexuality, gender, couples, adoption, psychosocial: infertility, male infertility, stress, process, sexuality, gender, couples, adoption, psychosocial.
This extract describes the effect of male infertility and the process that men and women go through in coming to terms with this. Lists responses to infertility.
195. Downie S. The Moral Question - For Whom? In: Downie S, ed. Baby Making: The Technology and Ethics. London: The Bodley Head; 1988.
ethics, selection, doctors, psychological, women, clinics, eugenics, DI, Sweden, reproductive rights, genetic engineering, interests of child, single women, assisted reproduction, economics, payment, prevention, STDs, HIV, practice, UK, IVF, infertility, drugs, religion, Judaism, Catholic, Islam, embryos, research, surrogacy, psychosocial, medicalisation: ethics, selection, doctors, psychological, women, clinics, eugenics, DI, Sweden, reproductive rights, genetic engineering, interests of child, single women, assisted reproduction, economics, payment, prevention, STDs, HIV, practice, UK, IVF, infertility, drugs, religion, Judaism, Catholic, Islam, embryos, research, surrogacy, psychosocial, medicalisation.
This paper looks at ethical and religious issues in relation to ART's. Covers, eugenics, medical power, reproductive rights, embryo research, etc.
196. Downie S. DI: The social, legal and religious issues. Baby making: The technology and ethics. London: Bodley Head; 1988.
donor, insemination, couples, children, parents, secrecy, openness, single woman, lesbians, ethics.: donor, insemination, couples, children, parents, secrecy, openness, single woman, lesbians, ethics.
The author defends limited openness about donors, openness about the child's origins, the rights of singles women and lesbians to artificial insemination; and suggests reviews of some laws regulating donor insemination.
197. Downie S. Babymaking: The technology and ethics. In: Bodley Head L, ed. Baby makin: the technology and ethics; 1988.
.
.
198. Doyle LW. In-Vitro Fertilization: A Neonatal Paediatrician's Perspective. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;30(1):67-70.
IVF, Australia, multiple pregnancy, GIFT, ZIFT, PROST, family, pregnancy, psychological, psychosocial, stress, infertility, health professionals, doctors, nurses, economics, child development, medical aspects,: IVF, Australia, multiple pregnancy, GIFT, ZIFT, PROST, family, pregnancy, psychological, psychosocial, stress, infertility, health professionals, doctors, nurses, economics, child development, medical aspects,.
This paper questions the provision of ART services in Australia in light of the amount of neo-natal work required in delivering premature multiple pregnancies from ART treatments.
199. Drahos P. Regulating Reproductive Technology: The Role of Ethics Committees. Australian Health Review. 1988;11(2):79-97.
ethics, assisted reproduction, technology, regulation, embryos, research, IVF, Australia, religion, law, economics, legislation, UK, USA, rights, doctors, media, education, cloning, scientists,: ethics, assisted reproduction, technology, regulation, embryos, research, IVF, Australia, religion, law, economics, legislation, UK, USA, rights, doctors, media, education, cloning, scientists,.
This paper overviews the effectiveness of ethics committees particularly in Australia, and compares them to self regulatory and other systems of managing ART and scientific research.
200. Draye MA, Woods NF, Mitchell E. Coping with Infertility in Couples: Gender Differences. Health Care for Women International. 1988;9:163-75.
infertility, couples, women, men, gender, psychosocial, economics, treatment, doctors, coping skills, psychological, stress, parenthood, adult development, social attitudes, social support, class, counselling, nurses: infertility, couples, women, men, gender, psychosocial, economics, treatment, doctors, coping skills, psychological, stress, parenthood, adult development, social attitudes, social support, class, counselling, nurses.
This study of the ways men and women respond to the stress of infertility and infertility treatments found that both the effects on women were greater than those on men in a number of areas. Women also used a different range of coping skills. Discusses this in relation to developmental stages and pronatalist attitudes.201. Drummond P. Moral dilemmas on medical judgements. The Health Service Journal. 1987;97(5048: 30 April):804-5.
ethics, doctors, USA, counselling, nurses, doctor patient realtaions, education, law, UK: ethics, doctors, USA, counselling, nurses, doctor patient realtaions, education, law, UK.
This paper overviews the development of ethics commitees in the USA and the UK and the opposition to these by doctors and nurses.
202. Dunn P, Ryan I, O'Brien K. College students' acceptance of adoption and five alternative fertilization techniques. Journal of Sexual Research. 1988;24:282-7.
social attitudes, assisted reproduction, adoption, DI, IVF, surrogacy: social attitudes, assisted reproduction, adoption, DI, IVF, surrogacy.
not seen.
203. Dunstan GR. In Vitro Fertilisation. The Ethical Debate. In: Fishel S, Symonds EM, eds. IVF, Past, present future. Oxford: IRL Press; 1986.
ethics, IVF, research, scientists, Catholic, doctors, Christianity, UK, history, philosophy, Islam, Judaism, embryos: ethics, IVF, research, scientists, Catholic, doctors, Christianity, UK, history, philosophy, Islam, Judaism, embryos.
This paper outlines the debate about the ethics of IVF and looks at the traditions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in relation to this. It comments also on the power of doctors and scientists.
204. Dunstan GR. In-vitro fertilization: the ethics. Human Reproduction. 1986;1(1):41-4.
doctors, IVF, ethics, infertility, Anglican, religion, Christianity, embryos, research, law, scientists, abortion, history, Catholic, UK, medicalisation: doctors, IVF, ethics, infertility, Anglican, religion, Christianity, embryos, research, law, scientists, abortion, history, Catholic, UK, medicalisation.
This paper addressed to doctors defends the use of IVF and argues that the embryo has no intrinsic right to life.
205. Dunstan GR. New Techniques in Human Procreation - the Ethics: A British Church Conspectus. Presented at the Ethical Problems Raised by the New Techniques in Human Procreation; Adadir, Morocco; 1986.
ethics, embryos, assisted reproduction, IVF, research, infertility, religion, Protestant, Catholic, law, history, Islam, Anglican, philosophy, surrogacy, UK, doctors, scientists: ethics, embryos, assisted reproduction, IVF, research, infertility, religion, Protestant, Catholic, law, history, Islam, Anglican, philosophy, surrogacy, UK, doctors, scientists.
This paper looks at the ethical status of the embryo, and various philosophical and religious traditions which have a bearing on this. Also touches on surrogacy.
206. Edelmann RJ, Connolly KJ. Psychological aspects of infertility. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1986;59:209-19.
psychological, infertility, coping skills, counselling, couples, stress, adoption, process, assisted reproduction: psychological, infertility, coping skills, counselling, couples, stress, adoption, process, assisted reproduction.
This paper looks at the relationship between psychological factors and infertility. It also looks at the benefits of counselling in assisting infertile couples. It notes that it can not be stated whether infertility is caused by psychological factors or is causative of it. It also notes that adopting children does not increase chances of pregnancy. It notes that stress may increase with infertility and that counselling may help.
207. Edelmann RJ, Connolly KJ. The Counselling Needs of Infertile Couples. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1987;5:63-70.
counselling, couples, infertility: counselling, couples, infertility.
This study of 843 infertile couples by postal questionnaire found out that a third of couples felt they needed more psychological support and guidance, and that there weren't any correlations between this perceived need and medical factors. There was a correlation, however, between anxiety over infertility and the people saying they would welcome the offer to join support groups.
208. Edelmann RJ, Connolly KJ, Cooke ID. Infertility: the patient's first approach to the medical profession. The Practitioner. 1988;232(22 February 1988):202-6.
infertility, process, doctors, psychosocial, practice.: infertility, process, doctors, psychosocial, practice.
This article reports the results of a postal questionnaire of 843 infertile couples. It reports on the length of time between various stages in the process of couple coming to be freferred to specialised ART clinics. Most couples tried to have children for between 1-5 years before deciding they were infertile. Most couples took less than a year of trying before consulting a doctor about it. On 2/3's of these occasions the wife went alone. Most couples went to a specialist clinic within 6 months of this first consultation.
209. Edelmann RJ, Connolly KJ. The Impact of Infertility and Infertility Investigations: Four Case Illustrations. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7:113-9.
infertility , counselling, psychological, process, stress, couples, assisted reproduction,: infertility , counselling, psychological, process, stress, couples, assisted reproduction,.
This paper presents 4 cases from a study of 100 couples undergoing infertility treatment. For each case stress levels are plotted over time. It was found that in 3 out of the 4 cases couples stress levels fluctuated over time in relation to specific points in the infertility investigation and treatment, and to other stresses.
210. Edelmann RJ, Golombok S. Stress and Reproductive Failure. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7:79-86.
medical aspects, psychological, couples, infertility, stress, pregnancy, drugs, sexuality, psychosocial, treatment, gender: medical aspects, psychological, couples, infertility, stress, pregnancy, drugs, sexuality, psychosocial, treatment, gender.
This paper looks at the relationship between stress and infertility and the relationship of both with levels of prolactin produced by various respondents in various situations.211. Edelmann RJ. Emotional Aspects of In Vitro Fertilization Procedures: Review. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1990;8:161-73.
psychological, stress, couples, IVF, infertility, selection, psychosocial, counselling, process: psychological, stress, couples, IVF, infertility, selection, psychosocial, counselling, process.
This paper reviews research into the effect of IVF on psychological states of couples. It notes that couples coming for IVF tend to have good self esteem and marital adjustment. It notes that low IVF success rates may be partially due to stress. It notes second IVF cycle is often a high stress point and that counselling may be advisable at certain points. It contends that screening couples on the basis of personality characteristics is misplaced.
212. Editorial. Clinical Status of IVF, GIFT and Related Techniques. The Lancet. 1987(October 24):945-7.
IVF, GIFT, medical aspects, ethics, cryopreservation, surrogacy, clinics, USA, couples, counselling, legislation , guidelines, practice, research, embryos, regulation: IVF, GIFT, medical aspects, ethics, cryopreservation, surrogacy, clinics, USA, couples, counselling, legislation , guidelines, practice, research, embryos, regulation.
This editorial outlines recent developments in IVF, GIFT, surrogacy and cryopreservation, and calls for more counselling and doctor input into developing guidelines and regulations.
213. Editorial. Medically Assisted Conception. The Lancet. 1990;336:847-8.
legislation, research, UK, licensing, embryos, law, IVF, USA, ethics: legislation, research, UK, licensing, embryos, law, IVF, USA, ethics.
Discusses recent legislation licensing embryos research in the UK.
214. Edvinsson AF, L.;Milson, I.; Nordorfs, G. Factors in the infertile couple influencing the success of artificial insemination with donor semen. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(1):81-87.
Couples, infertility, insemination, conception, donor semen, abdominal surgery, oligospermic, azoospermic.: Couples, infertility, insemination, conception, donor semen, abdominal surgery, oligospermic, azoospermic.
A simple approach with one insemination cycle, timed only by cycle length and basal body temperature was used. The overal life table cumulative conception rate was 82% and the average fecundability was 10%. The factors associated with higher success rate were women aged 36 years or less, women with no history of abdominal surgery, and azoospermic husband .
215. Edvinsson A, Forsman L, Nordsfors G. Givarinsemination vid manlig infertilitet - slut pa en epok? (Donor insemination for male infertility - the end of an era?). Lakartidningen. 1990;87:1871-2.
Sweden, DI, regulation, doctors, semen donors: Sweden, DI, regulation, doctors, semen donors.
Argues that the 1985 Swedish Insemination Act has resulted in a permanent decline in donor supply.
216. Edwards RG. Current Clinical, Scientific and Ethical Situation of Human In Vitro Fertilization. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 1986(August):275-86.
medical aspects, scientists, IVF, ethics, embryos, research, GIFT, infertility, cryopreservation, DI, ET, surrogacy, family, egg donation, regulation, philosophy: medical aspects, scientists, IVF, ethics, embryos, research, GIFT, infertility, cryopreservation, DI, ET, surrogacy, family, egg donation, regulation, philosophy.
This is a predominantly medical paper which also discusses ethical issues in IVF and rights of embryo issues.
217. Eicholz A. 21st Century. Changing Concepts of Masculinity and Feminity. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
sexuality, gender, psychological, psychosocial, child development, adult development, identity, social atttitudes: sexuality, gender, psychological, psychosocial, child development, adult development, identity, social atttitudes.
This paper discusses the biological and psychological basis of male and female gender development, role models for males and females and possible future developments in masculinity and femininity.
218. Elias S, Annas GJ. Social Policy Considerations in Noncoital Reproduction. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1986;255(1: Jan 3):62-8.
assisted reproduction, policy, USA, UK, Australia, IVF, DI, SET, cryopreservation, surrogacy, screening, embryos, research, anonymity, telling the child, secrecy, records, interests of child, blood bond, identity, parenthood, law, commercialisation, prohibition, genetic engineering, genetic screening, eugenics, family, legislation, doctors, couples, recipients: assisted reproduction, policy, USA, UK, Australia, IVF, DI, SET, cryopreservation, surrogacy, screening, embryos, research, anonymity, telling the child, secrecy, records, interests of child, blood bond, identity, parenthood, law, commercialisation, prohibition, genetic engineering, genetic screening, eugenics, family, legislation, doctors, couples, recipients.
This paper looks at the social policy issues invloved in a variety of types of assisted reproduction. It looks at UK, USA and Australian legislation on the issues and makes recommendations about ensuring the best interests of the child, record keeping and comprehensive screening.
219. Elias S, Annas GJ. Reproductive Genetics and the Law. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers Inc.; 1987.
genetics, genetic engineering, medical aspects, scientists, counselling, couples, offspring, doctors, psychological, stress, psychosocial, genetic screening, DI, screening, anonymity, fatherhood, IVF, multiple pregnancy, motherhood, paternity, interests of child, pregnancy, law, policy, reproductive rights, contraception, ethics, consent, abortion, sterilisation, disability, SET, surrogacy, cryopreservation, stigma, legislation, embryos, research, women, USA, assisted reproduction,: genetics, genetic engineering, medical aspects, scientists, counselling, couples, offspring, doctors, psychological, stress, psychosocial, genetic screening, DI, screening, anonymity, fatherhood, IVF, multiple pregnancy, motherhood, paternity, interests of child, pregnancy, law, policy, reproductive rights, contraception, ethics, consent, abortion, sterilisation, disability, SET, surrogacy, cryopreservation, stigma, legislation, embryos, research, women, USA, assisted reproduction,.
This book includes chapters titled: Principles of Human Genetics; Genetic Counselling; Genetic Screening; Prenatal Diagnosis. Indications; Prenatal Diagnosis. Techniques; Reproductive Liberty; Treatment of Handicapped Newborns; Teratolotgy; Noncoital Reproduction; and Fetal and Gene Therapy. The book concerns itself with medical and ethical as well as a legal issues.
220. Elias S, Annas GJ. Noncoital Reproduction. In: Elias S, Annas GJ, eds. Reproductive Genetics and the Law. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1987.
law, policy, surrogacy, SET, DI, IVF, interests of child, doctors, couples, cryopreservation, USA, Australia, Canada, UK, family, blood bond, semen donors, egg donors, embryos, research, screening, fatherhood, motherhood, eugenics, anonymity, infertility: law, policy, surrogacy, SET, DI, IVF, interests of child, doctors, couples, cryopreservation, USA, Australia, Canada, UK, family, blood bond, semen donors, egg donors, embryos, research, screening, fatherhood, motherhood, eugenics, anonymity, infertility.
This paper looks at the social and legal implications of a variety of ARTs, summarises recent governmental reports on these issues and makes legislative and policy recommendations particularly for the USA. Looks in greater detail at SET and addresses issues of access, donor screening and anonymity, and record keeping.221. Ericsson HL, Liedholm P. Limited number of donors - a consequence of Sweden's new insemination act. Nord Med. 1986;101(2):56-57.
semen donors, legislation, Sweden: semen donors, legislation, Sweden.
.
222. Erlen JA, Holzman IR. Evolving Issues in Surrogate Motherhood. Health Care for Women International. 1990;11:319-29.
law, USA, surrogacy, ethics, regulation, prohibition, couples, interests of child, social attitudes, technology, parenthood, doctors, lawyers, adoption, records, commercialisation, payment, psychological, telling the child, anonymity: law, USA, surrogacy, ethics, regulation, prohibition, couples, interests of child, social attitudes, technology, parenthood, doctors, lawyers, adoption, records, commercialisation, payment, psychological, telling the child, anonymity.
This paper looks at legal and ethical issues in relation to surrogacy in a USA context. it discusses the interests of various parties, telling the child and secrecy issues, and issues of concern for society. Has useful bibliography.
223. Ernst C. Psychological Aspects of Artificial Procreation. International Journal of Law and the Family. 1989;3:89-105.
psychological, DI, couples, stress, doctors, psychosocial, parenthood, post menopausal, single women, lesbian, anonymity, telling the child, IVF, infertility, selection, counselling, social workers, parenthood, family, blood bond, telling the child, surrogacy, screening, semen donors, sexuality, gay men, social attitudes, interests of child: psychological, DI, couples, stress, doctors, psychosocial, parenthood, post menopausal, single women, lesbian, anonymity, telling the child, IVF, infertility, selection, counselling, social workers, parenthood, family, blood bond, telling the child, surrogacy, screening, semen donors, sexuality, gay men, social attitudes, interests of child.
This paper looks at the role of doctors in selecting couples for ART treatments, and at issues of anonymity, and openess. Also discusses lesbian, single women and single men gaining access to these technologies, and the implications of all this for the offspring involved.
224. Evans MI, May M, Drugan A, Fletcher JC, Johnson MP, Sokol RJ. Selective termination: Clinical experience and residual risks. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;162:1568-75.
multiple pregnancies, abortion, drugs, IVF, doctors, women, ethics, social attitudes, law, psychological, couples, sex selection, stress, GIFT: multiple pregnancies, abortion, drugs, IVF, doctors, women, ethics, social attitudes, law, psychological, couples, sex selection, stress, GIFT.
This paper and the discussions in response to it look at selective reduction in the case of multiple pregnancies brought on by drug use as a part of various ARTs. Mainly medical but also mentions psychological, and ethical issues.
225. Fagan PJ, Schmidt. Jr. CW, Rock JA, Damewood MD, Halle E, Wise TN. Sexual functioning and psychologic evaluation of in vitro fertilization couples. Fertility and Sterility. 1986;46(4):668-72.
psychological, IVF, sexuality, couples: psychological, IVF, sexuality, couples.
This paper finds that IVF couples do not have a higher level of psychological or sexual dysfunction as compared with the rest of the population.
226. Fidell LS, Marik J, Donner JE, et al. Paternity by Proxy. Artificial Insemination with Donor Sperm. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
infertility, DI, social attitudes, stress, secrecy, semen donors, single women, offspring, USA, couples: infertility, DI, social attitudes, stress, secrecy, semen donors, single women, offspring, USA, couples.
This article presents an overview of DI in the USA. It looks at infertility and the stress associated with this. It looks at social attitudes to DI, and the secrecy surrounding it. It also looks at the attitudes and characteristics of donors. It also looks at single women who request DI and the affect of DI on the offspring. Finally it addresses the effect of DI on marriage.
227. Field MA. Surrogate Motherhood. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press; 1988.
surrogacy, motherhood, law,ethics, parenthood, contracts, couples, fatherhood, commercialisation, family, adoption, rights, abortion, advertising, DI, anonymiyty, prohibition, interest od child, class, women, commodification, embryos, cryopresrvation, USA, economics, gender, surrogates, insurance, IVF, motivation, egg donation, payment, social attitudes, regulation, legislation, screening, poverty: surrogacy, motherhood, law,ethics, parenthood, contracts, couples, fatherhood, commercialisation, family, adoption, rights, abortion, advertising, DI, anonymiyty, prohibition, interest od child, class, women, commodification, embryos, cryopresrvation, USA, economics, gender, surrogates, insurance, IVF, motivation, egg donation, payment, social attitudes, regulation, legislation, screening, poverty.
This book looks at several arguments made about the possible negative effects of surrogacy, and then outlines an argument about for a particular legal approach to the issue of surrogacy.
228. Field MA. The Case against Enforcement of Surrogacy Contracts. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):199-204.
surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction: surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction.
in library.
229. Figge DC. The Tyranny of Technology. American Journal of Obsterics and Gynecology. 1990;162(6):1365-9.
doctors, health professionals, technology, ethics, economics, doctor patient relations, infertility, assisted reproduction, USA, policy, regulation: doctors, health professionals, technology, ethics, economics, doctor patient relations, infertility, assisted reproduction, USA, policy, regulation.
This address looks at the developments in obstetric and gynecologic technology in the last twenty years, at the ways it is used, and at its contribution to the escalating health costs of the USA. It also looks at the tendency for doctors mastering of technology to lead to a decrease in concern for patient care. It calls for more professional responsibility in the use of expensive technologies when benefits from this use are questionable.
230. FINRRAGE. Resolution from the FINRRAGE conference, July 3-8, 1985, Vallinge, Sweden. In: Spallone P, Steinberg DL, eds. Made to Order: The Myth of Reproductive and Genetic Progress. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1987.
feminism, women, genetic engineering, assisted reproduction, reproductive rights, lesbian, surrogacy, class, infertility, technology: feminism, women, genetic engineering, assisted reproduction, reproductive rights, lesbian, surrogacy, class, infertility, technology.
This resolution condemns ART and various aspects of its practice.231. Fishel S. Assisted Human Reproduction and Embryonic Surgery: Ethical Issues. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988;530:54-72.
medical aspects, assisted reproduction, embryos, research, ethics, infertility, couples, family, USA, IVF, anonymity, DI, egg donation, surrogacy, cryopreservation, semen donors, doctors: medical aspects, assisted reproduction, embryos, research, ethics, infertility, couples, family, USA, IVF, anonymity, DI, egg donation, surrogacy, cryopreservation, semen donors, doctors.
This favourable overview of ARTs argues for anonymity. Medical and ethical focus.
232. Fletcher JC, Ryan KJ. Federal Regulations for Fetal Research: A Case for Reform. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1987;15(3, Fall):126-38.
embryos, research, law, legislation, USA, pregnancy, genetic screening, ET, regulation, ethics, history, motherhood, fatherhood, abortion, guideline, philosophy, Catholic: embryos, research, law, legislation, USA, pregnancy, genetic screening, ET, regulation, ethics, history, motherhood, fatherhood, abortion, guideline, philosophy, Catholic.
This paper looks at the creation of and activities of the USA natioal Ethics advisory board created in the 70's. It then presents argument for changes in regulations with regard embryo research and mothers in pregnancy.
233. Fletcher JC. HHS Policy on in Vitro Fertilization. Science. 1988;241(4869):1028.
infertility, couples, USA, ethics, policy, research,: infertility, couples, USA, ethics, policy, research,.
Letter about blocking of research into infertility through USA legislative/bureaucratic system.
234. Fletcher JC. What are Society's Interests in Human Genetics and Reproductive Technologies? Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):131-7.
assisted reproduction, counselling, embryos, ethics, genetic screening, law
policy, research, USA, surrogacy, IVF. DI: assisted reproduction, counselling, embryos, ethics, genetic screening, law
policy, research, USA, surrogacy, IVF. DI.
This paper reviews two editions of books by G. Annas, S. Elias and A. Milunsky about ARTs and the law. Provides a general discussion about issues in this area with a concern for ethics and US law and policy.
235. Folkman S, Lazarus RS, Dunkel-Schetter C, DeLongis A, Gruen RJ. Dynamics of a Stressful Encounter: Cognitive Appraisal, Coping, and Encounter Outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986;50(5):992-1003.
counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, psychological, process: counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, psychological, process.
This paper looks at the relationships between various ways of perceiving stressful events, strategies for coping with these events, and whether these issues were successfully resolved.
236. Francois H. L'insemination artificielle avec donneur. Psycho-sociologie des utilisateurs (in French). La Nouvelle Presse Medicale. 1987;10(39):3203.
psychosocial, DI, couples,: psychosocial, DI, couples,.
A brief report on 88 DI couples.
237. Frank D, Vogel M. Donor Insemination: Surrogate Fathering. In: Frank D, Vogel M, eds. The Baby Makers: Carol and Graf Publishers, Inc.; 1988.
DI, family, couples, semen donors, sperm banks, anonymity, history, religion, Catholic, Judaism, social attitudes, history, surrogacy, IVF, psychosocial, secrecy, screening, practice, motivation, women, men, male infertility, psychological, stress, blood bond, counselling, medical aspects, doctors, eugenics, guidelines, USA, law, records, known donors, interests of child, openness, identity, offspring, telling the child: DI, family, couples, semen donors, sperm banks, anonymity, history, religion, Catholic, Judaism, social attitudes, history, surrogacy, IVF, psychosocial, secrecy, screening, practice, motivation, women, men, male infertility, psychological, stress, blood bond, counselling, medical aspects, doctors, eugenics, guidelines, USA, law, records, known donors, interests of child, openness, identity, offspring, telling the child.
This chapter presents an overview of DI in the USA context. It looks at DI from the perspective of all participants, including sperm banks. It looks at the attitudes and motivations of donors and discussess issues of secrecy and telling the child.
238. Frank DI, Brackley MH. The Health Experience of Single Women Who Have Children through Artificial Donor Insemination. Clinical Nurse Specialist. 1989;3(3):156-60.
nursing, single women, DI, counselling, education, psychological, psychosocial, practice, social attitudes, social support, family: nursing, single women, DI, counselling, education, psychological, psychosocial, practice, social attitudes, social support, family.
This study of single women who had undergone DI to bear a child, looks at the attitudes to and experience of this, and their subsequent experience. Also addresses ways in which nurses can respond to the needs of this group.
239. Franklin S. Deconstructing 'Desperateness': The Social Construction of Infertility in Popular Representations of New Reproductive Technologies. In: McNeil M, Varcoe I, Yearley S, eds. The New Reproductive Technologies: MacMillan; 1990.
blood bond, couples, doctor patient relations, doctors, economics, family, feminism, gender, infertility, lesbian, media, medicalisation, men , motherhood, parenthood, psychological, psychosocial, scientists, sex roles, single women, social attitudes, social support, technology, UK, women: blood bond, couples, doctor patient relations, doctors, economics, family, feminism, gender, infertility, lesbian, media, medicalisation, men , motherhood, parenthood, psychological, psychosocial, scientists, sex roles, single women, social attitudes, social support, technology, UK, women.
This paper looks at how infertility and ARTs are presented in the media and in other sources, and the ways in which this reinforces the staus quo of the nuclear family, heterosexual romance, the power of doctors and scientists.
240. Freedman B, Taylor PJ, Wonnacott T, Brown S. Non-medical selection criteria for artificial insemination and adoption. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1987;5:55-66.
adoption, DI, selection, clinics, doctors, social workers, counsellors, health professionals, lesbian, single women, Canada, ethics, age, women, economics, interests of child, pregnancy, medical aspects, parenthood, recipients, couples law, practice, social attitudes, family, policy: adoption, DI, selection, clinics, doctors, social workers, counsellors, health professionals, lesbian, single women, Canada, ethics, age, women, economics, interests of child, pregnancy, medical aspects, parenthood, recipients, couples law, practice, social attitudes, family, policy.
This study of DI clinic and adoption agencies policy and practice with regard to selection of recipients, asks questions about whether recipients would be accepted with a history of child abuse, if they were lesbian or without a partner, if they had criminal records, were over a certain age etc. It compares the clinics with the agencies , and the smaller practioners with the larger ones.241. Freeman EW, Rickels K, Tausig J, Boxer AS, Mastroianni L, Tureck RW. Emotional and Psychosocial Factors in Follow-Up of Women After IVF-ET Treatment. Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1987;6643(6):517-21.
IVF, ET, psychosocial, psychological, couples, infertility, crisis, stress, clinics, counselling, sexuality, process, coping skills, pregnancy: IVF, ET, psychosocial, psychological, couples, infertility, crisis, stress, clinics, counselling, sexuality, process, coping skills, pregnancy.
This study of 156 couples 15 months after applying for IVF or ET treatment at a clinic found that half of the respondents who had been unsuccessful had decided to terminate treatment. Half of these repondents had achieved a positive psychological resolution of their infertility. See Freeman 1985.
242. Freeman M. Is surrogacy exploitative? In: McLean S, ed. Legal Issues in Human Reproduction. Aldershot: Gower; 1989.
surrogacy, law, motherhood, assisted reproduction, women, doctors, couples: surrogacy, law, motherhood, assisted reproduction, women, doctors, couples.
not seen.
243. Fry A. Foetus Wardship Case: Fears for the Unborn Child. Social Work Today. 1988(28 January):7.
law, motherhood, psychological, social work, family, legislation, UK: law, motherhood, psychological, social work, family, legislation, UK.
This paper reports on the attempt of a social work agency to make a 38-9 week old foetus who is the offspring of a women with a mental illness a ward of the state.
244. Fry A. Fears that High Profile Issues May Cloud Embryo Debate. Social Work Today. 1989(16 November):8.
embryos, research, UK, legislation, infertility, interests of child, identity, social workers, DI, egg donation, offspring, adoption, selection, parenthood, counselling, openness: embryos, research, UK, legislation, infertility, interests of child, identity, social workers, DI, egg donation, offspring, adoption, selection, parenthood, counselling, openness.
This newspiece reports the views of Christine Walby on openness, and identity issues for offspring produced as the result of third party gametes. Looks at issues of policy, law and parenthood.
245. Frydman R, Letur-Kornirsh H, Ziegler Dd, Bydlowski M, Raoul-Duval A, Selva J. A protocol for satisfying the ethical issues raised by oocyte donation: the free, anonymous, and fertile donors. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(4):666-72.
egg donors, France, ethics, recipients, practice, matching, doctors, ET, embryos, cryopreservation, pregnancy, IVF, motivation: egg donors, France, ethics, recipients, practice, matching, doctors, ET, embryos, cryopreservation, pregnancy, IVF, motivation.
This paper outlines an ethical protocol for collecting eggs from women for donation, including women who have come for IVF. Is concerned with the French context.
246. Funder J. Surrogacy. The Medical Journal ofAustralia. 1990;153(December 3/17):641-3.
surrogacy, Australia, regulation, ethics, philosophy, prohibition, interests of child, women, guidelines, parenting, counselling, couples, education, social attitudes: surrogacy, Australia, regulation, ethics, philosophy, prohibition, interests of child, women, guidelines, parenting, counselling, couples, education, social attitudes.
This paper discusses the report of the Austalian National Bioethics Consultative Committee on Surrogacy. This recommends a regulatory approach. It discusses the possible negative effects of surrogacy for women and children and calls for wider public debate.
247. Gamble H. Fathers and the New Reproductive Technologies: Recognition of the Donor as Parent. Australian Journal of Family Law. 1988?:131-44.
law, fatherhood, parenthood, motherhood, Australia, assisted reproduction, semen donors, family, secrecy, anonymity, adoption, interests of child: law, fatherhood, parenthood, motherhood, Australia, assisted reproduction, semen donors, family, secrecy, anonymity, adoption, interests of child.
This legal paper argues that donors in assisted reproduction should be recognised as the natural parents of resulting children, without having to take on legal or access rights to those children. Looks at secrecy issues and makes comparisons to ex-nuptual births and adoptions.
248. Garcia SA. Reproductive Technology for Procreation, Experimentation, and Profit. The Journal of Legal Medicine. 1990;11:1-57.
family, assisted reproduction, technology, law, parenthood, USA, rights, reproductive rights, HIV, STDs, ethics, infertility, eugenics, telling the child, psychological, psychosocial, DI, egg donation, IVF, ET, cryopreservation, embryos, research, multiple pregnancy, surrogacy, motherhood, blood bond, lesbian, secrecy, payment, women, commercialisation, interests of child, genetic engineering, sex selection, genetic screening, adoption, cloning, doctors, regulation, legislation, policy, licensing, records, advertising: family, assisted reproduction, technology, law, parenthood, USA, rights, reproductive rights, HIV, STDs, ethics, infertility, eugenics, telling the child, psychological, psychosocial, DI, egg donation, IVF, ET, cryopreservation, embryos, research, multiple pregnancy, surrogacy, motherhood, blood bond, lesbian, secrecy, payment, women, commercialisation, interests of child, genetic engineering, sex selection, genetic screening, adoption, cloning, doctors, regulation, legislation, policy, licensing, records, advertising.
This paper comprehensively discusses a wide variety of ART and genetic engineering issues in a USA context, from a legal background.
249. Gaze H. Infertility. The Waiting Game. Nursing Times. 1990;86(18):31-3.
infertility, women, stress, assisted reproduction, social support, counsellors, doctors, health professionals, economics, IVF, drugs, psychosocial, research, technology, couples, support groups, process, men: infertility, women, stress, assisted reproduction, social support, counsellors, doctors, health professionals, economics, IVF, drugs, psychosocial, research, technology, couples, support groups, process, men.
This article reports on the experiences of two infertile women with ARTs, and on the work of the London Hospital's fertility clinic which has an emphasis on psychosocial issues and drama therapy.
250. Geller S. The child and/or the embryo. To whom does it belong? Human Reproduction. 1986;1(8):561-2.
embryos, parenthood, DI, couples, offspring, interests of child, ET, surrogacy, research, motherhood, semen donors, payment, law, scientists, abortion: embryos, parenthood, DI, couples, offspring, interests of child, ET, surrogacy, research, motherhood, semen donors, payment, law, scientists, abortion.
This paper argues that the ownership of, and the rights to decide what to do with embryos, resides with the commissioning couples.251. Gerber R. In vitro Fertilisation, AID and Embryo-experimentation: some moral considerations. Journal of Applied Philosophy. 1986;3(1):103.
IVF, DI, embryos, research, ethics, philosophy, rights: IVF, DI, embryos, research, ethics, philosophy, rights.
This paper looks at rights arguments in relation to the status of the embryos, DI and IVF. It argues against the idea that an embryo has a right to life because it has the potential to be a human being.
252. Germany. German Embryo Protection Act. Human Reproduction. 1990;6(4):605-6.
Germany, embryos, egg donation, doctors, prohibition, pregnancy, GIFT, assisted reproduction, ET, surrogacy, ICSI, DI, sex selection, genetic screening, posthumous, cloning, genetic engineering, IVF, research: Germany, embryos, egg donation, doctors, prohibition, pregnancy, GIFT, assisted reproduction, ET, surrogacy, ICSI, DI, sex selection, genetic screening, posthumous, cloning, genetic engineering, IVF, research.
This act restricts most forms of assisted reproduction and embryo research, and requires that any such proceedures are undertaken by doctors. Came into effect 1/1/91.
253. Giblin PT, Poland ML, Moghissi DS, Ager JW, Olson JM. Effects of stress and characteristic adaptability on semen quality in healthy men. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;49(1):127-32.
sperm quality, stress, semen donors, medical aspects, psychological: sperm quality, stress, semen donors, medical aspects, psychological.
This study of the sperm quality of donors found that certain semen measures was correlated positively with ego-resilience and abstinence, and negatively with stress.
254. Gillett W. Management of infertility: a changing perspective. New Zealand Medical Journal. 1989;102(24 May):248-51.
infertility, pregnancy rates, DI, IVF, treatment, couples, women, medical aspects, economics, payment, counselling, psychological: infertility, pregnancy rates, DI, IVF, treatment, couples, women, medical aspects, economics, payment, counselling, psychological.
This paper looks at the % chance of pregnany over timne for various types of infertility. Notes that the non-treatment rates in some cases differ little from rates achieved using various treatments. Particularly calls into question cost effectiveness of IVF. Advocates counselling for couples.
255. Glazer ES, Cooper SL. Without Child. Experiencing and Resolving Infertility. Lexington, USA: Lexington Books; 1988.
256. Glover Jcea. Fertility and the family. The Glover Report on Reproductive Technologies to the European Commission.: The European Commission; 1989.
257. Goldman B. Infertility giving birth to new problems for doctors and lawyers. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1988;138(January 15):166-7.
lawyers, doctors, infertility, law, ethics, assisted reproduction, technology, egg donation, DI, multiple pregnancy, IVF, single women, lesbian, reproductive rights, USA, Canada, embryos, commercialisation, surrogacy, motherhood: lawyers, doctors, infertility, law, ethics, assisted reproduction, technology, egg donation, DI, multiple pregnancy, IVF, single women, lesbian, reproductive rights, USA, Canada, embryos, commercialisation, surrogacy, motherhood.
This is a brief overview of ethical and legal issues with regard ART in Canada and the USA. Reports on doctors atittudes to lesbian and single women.
258. Golombok S, Rust J. The Warnock Report and single women : what about the children? Journal of medical ethics. 1986;12:182-6.
DI, IVF, single women, lesbian, child development, interests of child, family, UK, sexuality, psychosocial, gender, identity, psychological, social attitudes, sex role, medical aspects, research, homosexual: DI, IVF, single women, lesbian, child development, interests of child, family, UK, sexuality, psychosocial, gender, identity, psychological, social attitudes, sex role, medical aspects, research, homosexual.
This paper questions the decision of the Warnock report not to sanction IVF or DI for lesbian or single women. It looks at research about child development, gender identity, children raised in single parent households etc.
259. Golombok S, Bhanji F, Rutherford T, Winston R. Psychological Development of Children of the New Reprocuctive Technologies: Issues and a Pilot Study of Children Conceived by IVF. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1990;8.
psychological, child development, assisted reproduction, technology, IVF, DI, psychosocial, family, parenthood, blood bond, sexuality, social attitudes, infertility, couples, stress, sex roles: psychological, child development, assisted reproduction, technology, IVF, DI, psychosocial, family, parenthood, blood bond, sexuality, social attitudes, infertility, couples, stress, sex roles.
This pilot study of the development of 26 children conceived by IVF found that some of the males showed a higher incidence of emotional problems than normal. There was also a tendency for boys and girls to adhere more closely to the traditional sex roles than is normal.
260. Gostin L. Forum on Surrogate Motherhood. Introduction. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):5-6.
surrogacy, motherhood, women, reproductive rights, rights, law, contracts, commercialisation, couples, infertility, ethical, payment, prohibition, prevention, legislation, USA: surrogacy, motherhood, women, reproductive rights, rights, law, contracts, commercialisation, couples, infertility, ethical, payment, prohibition, prevention, legislation, USA.
This paper outlines the arguments on both sides about surrogacy, and looks at USA legisaltion on the subject.261. Gostin L. A Civil Liberties Analysis of Surrogacy Arrangements. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):7-17.
surrogacy, rights, reproductive rights women, contracts, prohibition, commericalisation, payment, interests of child, USA, law, legislation, disability, psychological, blood bond, parenthood, economics, policy: surrogacy, rights, reproductive rights women, contracts, prohibition, commericalisation, payment, interests of child, USA, law, legislation, disability, psychological, blood bond, parenthood, economics, policy.
This paper looks at the arguments with regards to surrogacy in terms of the rights of both parties in the USA context. It comes to conclusions about policy and law.
262. Gostin L. Surrogate Motherhood. Politics and Privacy. In: Smith DH, Veatch RM, eds. Medical Ethics Series. Bloomington, USA: Indiana University Press; 1988.
263. Graham F. Infertility treatment. New Zealand Pharmacy. 1990(August):18-20.
treatment, male infertility, female infertility, medical aspects, DI, IVF, drugs, GIFT, psychological, psychosocial: treatment, male infertility, female infertility, medical aspects, DI, IVF, drugs, GIFT, psychological, psychosocial.
This paper outlines the causes of male and female infertility and the various treatments available. Looks briefly at psychosocial issues.
264. Green R, Mandel JB, Hotvel ME, Gray J, Smith L. Lesbian Mothers and Their Children: A Comparison with Solo Parent Heterosexual Mothers and Their Children. Archives of Sexual Behaviour. 1986;15(2):167-84.
homosexuality, identity, lesbian, couples, family, USA, motherhood, feminism, education, child development, psychological, sex role, gender, interests of child: homosexuality, identity, lesbian, couples, family, USA, motherhood, feminism, education, child development, psychological, sex role, gender, interests of child.
This study of lesbian and heterosexual mothers and their children found no major differences in the development of the children between the two groups.
265. Greenblatt RM, Handsfield HH, Sayers MH, Holmes KK. Screening therapeutic insemination donrs for sexually transmitted diseases: overview and recommendations. Fertility and Sterility. 1986;46(3):351-64.
DI, practice, STDs, screening, semen donors, payment: DI, practice, STDs, screening, semen donors, payment.
This paper looks at the various STDs than can be transmitted through DI. It looks at screening issues and recommends the use of voluntary as opposed to paid donors.
266. Greenfeld D, Haseltine F. Candidate Selection and Psychosocial Considerations of In-Vitro Fertilzation Procedures. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986;29(1):119-26.
IVF, selection, couples, psychological, psychosocial, economics, law, ethics, religion, sexuality, stress, doctors, health professionals: IVF, selection, couples, psychological, psychosocial, economics, law, ethics, religion, sexuality, stress, doctors, health professionals.
This paper looks at the selection procedures employed to screen couples for IVF, and the way couples respond to various psychological tests.
267. Greenhall E, Vessey M. The prevalence of subfertility: a review of the current confusion and a report of two new studies. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;54(6):978-83.
infertility, women, UK, records, methods: infertility, women, UK, records, methods.
This paper looks at the incidence of infertility in UK women. Finds that 24% of women attempting to conceive experience infertility at some stage, 13% in relation to their first child and 17% when attempting to have a subsequent child, 3% of women are involuntarily childless, and 6% of women with children can not have as many as they would like. Discusses methodological issues in this area.
268. Greil AL, Leitko TA, Porter KL. Infertility: His and Hers. Gender and Society. 1988;2(2):172-99.
gender, infertility, DI, IVF, psychosocial, psychological, social attitudes, couples, doctors, health professionals, USA, stress, counselling, practice, parenthood, medicalisation, technology, identity, process, clinics: gender, infertility, DI, IVF, psychosocial, psychological, social attitudes, couples, doctors, health professionals, USA, stress, counselling, practice, parenthood, medicalisation, technology, identity, process, clinics.
This paper looks at differing male and female reactions to infertility and to its treatment. It looks at doctors roles in this and recommends that couples should be treated together, and that medical and psychosocial issues should be dealt with in an integrated fashion.
269. Greil AL, Porter KL, Leitke TA. Sex and Intimacy among Infertile Couples. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality. 1989;2:117-38.
sexuality, infertility, couples, psychological, psychosocial, stress: sexuality, infertility, couples, psychological, psychosocial, stress.
not seen, see other papers by Greil et al.
270. Grobstein C. Public Policy Aspects of Assisted Reproduction. Vth World Congress, IVF and Embryo Transfer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988;541:679-82.
policy, assisted reproduction, IVF, ET, scientists, embryos, research, ethics, identity, family, technology, medical aspects: policy, assisted reproduction, IVF, ET, scientists, embryos, research, ethics, identity, family, technology, medical aspects.
This is a general overview of medical, ethical and policy aspects in relation to working with embryos.271. Hagenfeldt K. Givarinsemination behandlingsmetod i kris (Donor insemination: a treatment in crises.) In Swedish. Lakartidningen. 1990;87:1849-50.
DI, Sweden, semen donors, motivation, payment, law: DI, Sweden, semen donors, motivation, payment, law.
not seen.
272. Haimes E. Secrecy: what can artificial reproduction learn from adoption? International Journal of Law and the Family. 1988;2:46-61.
secrecy, DI, adoption, infertility, family, doctors, policy, doctors, couples, offspring, practice, openness: secrecy, DI, adoption, infertility, family, doctors, policy, doctors, couples, offspring, practice, openness.
This paper outlines the similarities and differences between adoption and DI in relation to secrecy issues. It notes that the policy with regard to what adoption used to be is currently what the policy towards DI is, but does not contend that DI policy should automatically go in the same direction. It also notes the conflicts between doctors advocating openness for couples, but reinforcing secrecy behaviour in their own practices.
273. Haimes E. Recreating the Family? Policy Considerations relating to the 'New' Reproductive Technologies. In: McNeil M, ed. The New Reproductive Technologies. Hampshire: MacMillan; 1990.
family, policy, assisted reproduction, secrecy, openness, telling the child, semen donors, ethics, couples, adoption, doctors, offspring, egg donation, egg donors, law, UK, records, anonymity, stress, psychosocial, social attitudes, single women, IVF, embryos, IVF, surrogacy, reproductive rights, single men, identity,: family, policy, assisted reproduction, secrecy, openness, telling the child, semen donors, ethics, couples, adoption, doctors, offspring, egg donation, egg donors, law, UK, records, anonymity, stress, psychosocial, social attitudes, single women, IVF, embryos, IVF, surrogacy, reproductive rights, single men, identity,.
This paper looks at policy issues concerning secrecy and openness in relation to families which have utilised ARTs in the UK. It looks at opinion from a variety of groups, and considers all participants in the process.
274. Hamer PM, Bain J. Ejaculatory incompetence and infertility. Fertility and Sterility. 1986;45(3):384-7.
male infertility, psychological, sexuality, counselling, men couples, AIH, couples, men: male infertility, psychological, sexuality, counselling, men couples, AIH, couples, men.
This paper reports on the success of AIH and sexual couselling in overcoming ejaculatory incompetence.
275. Handwerker WP. Births and Power. Social Change and the Politics of Reproduction. Boulder, USA: Westview Press; 1990.
276. Hanmer J. Reproduction Trends and the Emergence of Moral Panic. Social Science and Medicine. 1987;25(6):697-704.
assisted reproduction, social attitudes, ethics, technology, women, couples, embryos, ethics, family, gender, genetic engineering, infertility, law, feminism, embryos, research, rights, medicalisation, commercialisation, motherhood, men: assisted reproduction, social attitudes, ethics, technology, women, couples, embryos, ethics, family, gender, genetic engineering, infertility, law, feminism, embryos, research, rights, medicalisation, commercialisation, motherhood, men.
This paper outlines contemporary developments in ARTs and genetic engineering, and raises issues from a feminist perspective.
277. Harkness C. The Infertility Book. A Comprehensive Medical and Emotional Guide. San Francisco: Volcano Press Inc.; 1987.
adoption, assisted reproduction, child free, clinics, coping skills, counselling, couples, crisis, doctor patient relations, doctors, DI, economics, egg donation, family, fatherhood, female infertility, fertility, health professionals, infertility, IVF, law, male infertility, medical aspects, motherhood, multilple pregnancy, parenthood, payment, policy, practice, pregnancy, pregnancy rates, process, psychological, psychosocial, single women, social attitudes, stress, support groups, surrogacy, USA, women: adoption, assisted reproduction, child free, clinics, coping skills, counselling, couples, crisis, doctor patient relations, doctors, DI, economics, egg donation, family, fatherhood, female infertility, fertility, health professionals, infertility, IVF, law, male infertility, medical aspects, motherhood, multilple pregnancy, parenthood, payment, policy, practice, pregnancy, pregnancy rates, process, psychological, psychosocial, single women, social attitudes, stress, support groups, surrogacy, USA, women.
This book has sections looking at the experience of various aspects of infertility and its treatment; the diagnosis, causes and treatment of infertility; and the various wasy infertility can be resolved.
278. Harman H. Trying for a Baby: House of Commons (UK); 1990.
279. Harris R, Bond MJ. Stress in IVF workers. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1987;5:27-35.
IVF, stress, health professinals, practice, nurses, doctors, clinics, economics: IVF, stress, health professinals, practice, nurses, doctors, clinics, economics.
This is a study of the stress and job satisfaction of workers in IVF clinics as compared to workers in other obstetric and gynaecologic services.
280. Harrison KL, Callan VJ, Hennessey JF. Stress and semen quality in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertility and Sterility. 1987;48(4):633-6.
stress, IVF, couples, sperm quality, medical aspects, counselling, men, psychosocial: stress, IVF, couples, sperm quality, medical aspects, counselling, men, psychosocial.
This study of husbands providing semen pre-infertility work-up, and for IVF found that while most mens' sperm quality stayed the same or improved, for 19% it got worse. It is concluded this may be stress related and suggestions are made re preventing this.281. Harrison M. Psychological Ramifications of "Surrogate" Motherhood. In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology; 1990.
surrogacy, motherhood, infertility, assisted reproduction, motivation, psychological, couples, parenthhod, family, pregnancy, payment, known surrogate, health professionals, social support, interests of child, fatherhood, offspring, economics, blood bond, policy, surrogates: surrogacy, motherhood, infertility, assisted reproduction, motivation, psychological, couples, parenthhod, family, pregnancy, payment, known surrogate, health professionals, social support, interests of child, fatherhood, offspring, economics, blood bond, policy, surrogates.
This book outlines the experiences and motivations of various surrogate mothers, and provides advice to psychiatrists working with couples, surrogates, and as expert witnesses.
282. Harrison KL, Breen TM, Hennessey JF. The Effect of Patient Smoking Habit on the Outcome of IVF and GIFT Treatment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;30(4):340-2.
infertility, GIFT, IVF, women, pregnancy rates, counselling, smoking, access: infertility, GIFT, IVF, women, pregnancy rates, counselling, smoking, access.
This study finds that women who smoke produce fewer oocytes, have half the pregnancy rate of non-smokers and have higher rates of miscarriage. Discussion of encouraging people to smoke, counselling and issues of restricting access to such groups of people.
283. Health and Social Security DoU. Human Fertilisation and Embryology: A Framework for Legislation: UK Parliament; 1987.
284. Hearn MT, Yuzpe AA, Brown SE, Casper RF. Psychological characteristics of in vitro fertilization participants. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987;156(2, February):269-74.
psychological, IVF, selection, couples, social support, family, coping skills, stress, psychosocial: psychological, IVF, selection, couples, social support, family, coping skills, stress, psychosocial.
This study of couples undergoing IVF found that they saw themselves as having good quality of life, social supports and freedom from anxiety and depression.
285. Heitlinger A. Current Medical, Legal and Demographic Perspectives on Artificial Reproduction in Czechoslovakia. American Journal of Public Health. 1989;79(1):57-61.
Czechoslovakia, assisted reproduction, law, infertility, social attitudes, IVF, pregnancy, single women, lesbian, DI, adoption, doctors, secrecy, law, legislation, anonymity, male infertility, semen donors, clinics, identity, telling the child, selection, identity, interest of child, payment, screening, surrogacy, psychosocial, psychological: Czechoslovakia, assisted reproduction, law, infertility, social attitudes, IVF, pregnancy, single women, lesbian, DI, adoption, doctors, secrecy, law, legislation, anonymity, male infertility, semen donors, clinics, identity, telling the child, selection, identity, interest of child, payment, screening, surrogacy, psychosocial, psychological.
This paper provides a comprehensive account of DI practice in Czechoslovakia, the legal situation, the attitudes towards infertility, secrecy and openness issues, access to the service by single and lesbian women etc. Also looks at IVF, surrogacy and other issues.
286. Henshaw SK, Orr MT. The Need and Unmet Need for Infertility Services in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives. 1987;19:180-6.
demographics, clinics, couples, assisted reproduction, treatment, doctors, USA: demographics, clinics, couples, assisted reproduction, treatment, doctors, USA.
not seen.
287. Herz EK. Infertility and Bioethical Issues of the New Reproductive Technologies. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1989;12(1, March):117-31.
infertility, assisted reproduction, ethics, economics, couples, psychosocial, IVF, cryopreservation, DI, egg donation, ET, surrogacy, embryos, rights, identity, family, telling the child, secrecy, law, doctors, single women, lesbian, social attitudes, commercialisation, guidelines: infertility, assisted reproduction, ethics, economics, couples, psychosocial, IVF, cryopreservation, DI, egg donation, ET, surrogacy, embryos, rights, identity, family, telling the child, secrecy, law, doctors, single women, lesbian, social attitudes, commercialisation, guidelines.
This is a general paper which looks at the social and ethical implications of assisted reproduction. Considers issues of secrecy and openness in DI, access for lesbian and single women, surrogacy, ET IVF, etc. Looks at guidelines already established by various groups.
288. Hewitt J. Preconceptional sex selection. British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 1987(February):149-55.
sex selection, medical aspects, ethics economics, history, ethics, society, gender, culture, pregnancy, women: sex selection, medical aspects, ethics economics, history, ethics, society, gender, culture, pregnancy, women.
This paper discusses various historical, laboratory based, and dietary methods of sex selection. Looks at the reasons for this practice and the possible social implications.
289. Hill EC. Your morality or mine? An inquiry into the ethics of human reproduction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986;154(6, June):1173-80.
assisted reproduction, ethics, USA, doctors, family, technology, media, social attitudes, medical aspects, embryos, abortion, law, DI, semen donors, lesbian, single women, surrogacy, interests of child, payment, motherhood, commercialisation, IVF, cryopreservation, genetic screening, sex selection, philosophy: assisted reproduction, ethics, USA, doctors, family, technology, media, social attitudes, medical aspects, embryos, abortion, law, DI, semen donors, lesbian, single women, surrogacy, interests of child, payment, motherhood, commercialisation, IVF, cryopreservation, genetic screening, sex selection, philosophy.
This paper outlines ART developments and social and legal responses to these in the USA. Looks at the implications particularly for doctors. Discusses also ethical and philosophical isues coming to the conclusion that it is important to have reverance for life.
290. Hill JL. The Case for Enforcement of the Surrogate Contract. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):147-60.
surrogacy, contracts, law, policy: surrogacy, contracts, law, policy.
in library.291. Hirsch HL. Surrogate Motherhood: A Womb in Livery. Legal Medicine. 1986:165-98.
surrogacy, family, DI, screening, psychological, pregnancy, doctors, selection, contracts, law, parenthood, policy, social attitudes, adoption, payment, commercialisation, interests of child, rights, records, anonymity, ethics, USA: surrogacy, family, DI, screening, psychological, pregnancy, doctors, selection, contracts, law, parenthood, policy, social attitudes, adoption, payment, commercialisation, interests of child, rights, records, anonymity, ethics, USA.
This paper considers various, legal, ethical and policy aspects of surrogacy in the USA.
292. Hirsch HL. Surrogate Motherhood. The Legal Climate for the Physician. Medical Law. 1986;5:151-67.
surrogacy, law, doctors, infertility, ethics, motherhood, contracts, DI, screening, psychological, medical aspects, offspring, USA, records, anonymity, telling the child, adoption, commercialisation, rights: surrogacy, law, doctors, infertility, ethics, motherhood, contracts, DI, screening, psychological, medical aspects, offspring, USA, records, anonymity, telling the child, adoption, commercialisation, rights.
This paper outlines legal issues and potential problems for doctors in undertaking surrogacy treatment in a USA context. Makes comparisons to adoption and DI and outlines various surrogacy scenarios.
293. Hirsch MB, Mosher WD. Characteristics of infertile women in the United States and their use of infertility services. Fertility and Sterility. 1987;47(4: April):618-25.
infertility, women, USA, clinics, education, race, class, economics: infertility, women, USA, clinics, education, race, class, economics.
This study compares the demographics of primary and secondary infertile women with fecund women, and compares the demographics of users of infertility services with those of non-users. Finds greatest differences between these two groups in the secondary infertility category.
294. Hodgen GD. Perspectives in human reproduction. Human Reproduction. 1988;3(4):573-6.
IVF, ET, drugs, contraception, infertility, assisted reproduction, rights, reproductive rights, couples, GIFT, embryos, genetic screening, clinics. cryopreservation, research, scientists, doctors, technology, history, society: IVF, ET, drugs, contraception, infertility, assisted reproduction, rights, reproductive rights, couples, GIFT, embryos, genetic screening, clinics. cryopreservation, research, scientists, doctors, technology, history, society.
This paper looks at the technological developments in ARTs and other genetic technologies. It discusses possible social implications and the growth in demand for these services, and the relationship between researchers and society. Paper is followed by a discussion of the author with various specialists in this field.
295. Holahan CJ, Moos RH. Personality, Coping and Family Resources in Stress Resistance: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986;51(2):389-95.
counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, psychosocial, gender, family, social support, men, women, psychosocial: counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, psychosocial, gender, family, social support, men, women, psychosocial.
This study looks at the relationships between certain personality types, the strength of familial support and the use of certain types of coping strategies by gender.
296. Holahan CJ, Moos RH. Personal and Contextual Determinants of Coping Strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987;52(5):946-55.
counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, psychological, family social support, education, class, psychosocial: counselling, coping skills, cognitive, theory, stress, psychological, family social support, education, class, psychosocial.
This study looks at the relationships between certain sociodemographic factors and personality types, and the use of certain types of coping strategies.
297. Holder AR. The Welfare of Surrogates and Others. Hastings Center Report. 1986(June):43.
surrogacy, ethics, family, law, doctors, women, surrogates, economics, contracts, interests of child, motherhood, sexuality, psychosocial, psychological, rights, lawyers: surrogacy, ethics, family, law, doctors, women, surrogates, economics, contracts, interests of child, motherhood, sexuality, psychosocial, psychological, rights, lawyers.
This letter is further comment on the 'When Baby's Mother is also Grandma - and Sister' in the October 1985 issue of this journal. It objects to the proposed treatment outlined for reasons of psychosocial harm and the long term consequences and reponsibilities which will result.
298. Holmes HB, Tymstra T. In Vitro Fertilization in the Netherlands: Experiences and Opinions of Dutch Women. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1987;4(2):1987.
the Netherlands, IVF, social attitudes, women, motivation, insurance, ethics, telling the child, reproductive rights, surrogacy, egg donation, DI, research, embryos, infertility, ET, policy: the Netherlands, IVF, social attitudes, women, motivation, insurance, ethics, telling the child, reproductive rights, surrogacy, egg donation, DI, research, embryos, infertility, ET, policy.
This study reports the attitudes of Dutch women who had been successful and unsuccessful with IVF, women on an IVF waiting list, and fertile women of a similar age to the above groups. These were asked questions about attitudes to IVF and other ARTs, policy issues, satisfaction with treatment etc.
299. Holmes HB. In Vitro Fertilization: Reflections on the State of the Art. BIRTH. 1988;15(3):134-45.
IVF, couples, ET, practice, clinics, psychsocial, psychological, assisted reproduction, interests of child, research, women, economics, media, pregnancy rates, pregnancy, lesbian, single women, selection, ethics, drugs, women, medical aspects, embryos, cryopreservation, interests of child, stress, doctors, clinics, technology: IVF, couples, ET, practice, clinics, psychsocial, psychological, assisted reproduction, interests of child, research, women, economics, media, pregnancy rates, pregnancy, lesbian, single women, selection, ethics, drugs, women, medical aspects, embryos, cryopreservation, interests of child, stress, doctors, clinics, technology.
This study of IVF treatment centers world-wide looks at the practice of IVF and ethical questions concerning the welfare of women and children, the financial cost of IVF, the lack of psychosocial concern for women, and the unequal relationships between women and doctors.
300. Holmes HB. Reproduction without representation? The Women's Review of Books. 1990;7(4):20.
IVF, women, assisted reproduction, couples, doctors, technology, psychological, regulation, ethics, scirentixts, medicalisation, policy, cryopreservation, feminism: IVF, women, assisted reproduction, couples, doctors, technology, psychological, regulation, ethics, scirentixts, medicalisation, policy, cryopreservation, feminism.
This is a book review of Beyond Conception: The New Politics of Reproduction, by P. Spallone, which is feminist and opposed to IVF and ARTs generally; and In Vitro Fertilization: Building Policy from Laboratories to Legislature, by A. Bonnicksen, which is written by a consumer advocate and is consequently pro-IVF.301. Holmes HB. Dutch Women and In Vitro Fertilization Survey Results and Reaction to a Medical Emergency. Presented at the 4th International Interdisciplinary Congress on Women; New York; 1990.
The Netherlands, IVF, women, ethics, policy, abortion, economics, technology, social attitudes, insurance, infertility societies, drugs, doctors, women, medicalisation: The Netherlands, IVF, women, ethics, policy, abortion, economics, technology, social attitudes, insurance, infertility societies, drugs, doctors, women, medicalisation.
This study of IVF patients and some women who refused IVF treatment presents their attitudes to the treatment and argues that they be involved in ethical and policy making agendas.
302. Holmes HB, US Congress Subcommittee on Regulation BOaE, Medicine. Io. Consumer Protection Issues Involving In Vitro Fertilization Clinics/ Medically Assisted Conception: An Agenda for Research. Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering. 1990;3(2):181-3.
IVF, clinics, assisted reproduction, USA, history, regulation, ethics, pregnancy rates, scientists, technology, genetic engineering, embryos, ethics, social attitudes, women: IVF, clinics, assisted reproduction, USA, history, regulation, ethics, pregnancy rates, scientists, technology, genetic engineering, embryos, ethics, social attitudes, women.
This is a book review of the reports in the title (we have the first report). The second written by the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine describes various ART and genetic engineering advances. Reviewer comments on its lack of ethical consideration and the unquestionsing acceptance of the benefits of technology.
303. Houlgate LD. "Whose Child" In Re: Baby M and the Biological Preference Principle. Logos. 1988;9:161-77.
surrogacy, blood bond, ethics, couples, surrogates: surrogacy, blood bond, ethics, couples, surrogates.
not seen.
304. Howell D, Ryburn M. New Zealand: new ways to choose adopters. Adoption and Fostering. 1987;11(4):38-41.
NZ, adoption, law, policy, selection, couples, family, interests of child: NZ, adoption, law, policy, selection, couples, family, interests of child.
not seen.
305. Huggins SL. A Comparative Study of Self-Esteem of Adolescent Children of Divorced Lesbian Mothers and Divorced Homosexual Mothers. Journal of Homosexuality. 1989;18:123-35.
homosexuality, lesbian, motherhood, psychological, offspring, gender, sexuality, identity, couples: homosexuality, lesbian, motherhood, psychological, offspring, gender, sexuality, identity, couples.
This study of the groups in the title found no significant differences in terms of self esteem for either gender.
306. Hull RT. Ethical Issues in the New Reproductive Technologies. Belmont, California, USA: Wadsworth; 1990.
307. Hull RT, Corea G, Smart C. Artificial Insemination/ The Subversive Sperm: "A False Strain of Blood"/ 'There is of course the distiction dictated by nature": Law and the Problem of Paternity. In: Hull RT, ed. Ethical Issues in the New Reproductive Technologies. Belmont, USA: Wadsworth; 1990.
DI, couples, lesbian, male infertility, doctorsconsanguinity, paternity, semen donors, economics, payment, adoption, fatherhood, screening, single women, feminism, anonymity: DI, couples, lesbian, male infertility, doctorsconsanguinity, paternity, semen donors, economics, payment, adoption, fatherhood, screening, single women, feminism, anonymity.
The introduction to this section by Hull outlines DI practice in the USA and discusses such issues as access by lesbian and single women, consanguinity, payment, anonymity. The two readings in this section by Corea and Smart are abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography.
308. Hummel WP, Talbert LM. Current management of a donor insemination program. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;51(6):919-929.
DI, practice, recruitment, semen donors, recipients, matching, screening, selection, payment, single women, guidelines, students, history, techniques, medical aspects, infertility, STDs, HIV, ethics, law, motivation: DI, practice, recruitment, semen donors, recipients, matching, screening, selection, payment, single women, guidelines, students, history, techniques, medical aspects, infertility, STDs, HIV, ethics, law, motivation.
Describes the mainly medical aspects of DI with a few brief paragraphs about ethics and legal issues at the end. Chiefly concerned with reducing the risk of diseases being transmitted to woman and offspring from semen. Does not mention information sharing, but raises the issue of payment of donors - payment should not be high enough to be the main motivation, only reimbursement of expenses or for inconvenience of donating. Main reason for this is that high payments would encourage donors to give false information about medical history etc.
309. Humphrey M, Humphrey H. A fresh look at genealogical bewildement. Journal of Medical Psychology. 1986;59:133-40.
identity, interests of child, psychological, psychosocial, telling the child, family, DI, adoption, parenthood, UK, anonymity, openness, rights: identity, interests of child, psychological, psychosocial, telling the child, family, DI, adoption, parenthood, UK, anonymity, openness, rights.
This paper looks at issues of identity and DI and adopted offsprings needs to know about the biological parents, and about the ways in which children were told about their biological parents, and the general functioning of these families.
310. Humphrey M, Humphrey H. Marital Relationships in Couples Seeking Donor Insemination. Journal of Biosocial Science. 1987;19:209-19.
couples, psychosocial, stress, men, psychological, women, gender, DI, selection, male infertility, sexuality, adult development, psychological, divorce, counselling, process, secrecy, telling the child: couples, psychosocial, stress, men, psychological, women, gender, DI, selection, male infertility, sexuality, adult development, psychological, divorce, counselling, process, secrecy, telling the child.
This study of the quality of couples relationships presenting for DI looks at the degree of affection they have for one another and compares this to the level of affection in adoption and naturally reproductive couples. Also looks at their attitudes to telling other people and the child about the DI conception.311. Humphrey M, Humphrey H. Families with a Difference. Varieties of Surrogate Parenthood. London: Routledge; 1988.
family, adoption, identity, telling the child, parenthood, DI, surrogacy, society, psychological, psychosocial, blood bond, lesbian, secrecy, openness, policy, social work, infertility, child free, counselling, divorce, couples, pregnancy rates, child development, IVF, pregnancy, sexuality: family, adoption, identity, telling the child, parenthood, DI, surrogacy, society, psychological, psychosocial, blood bond, lesbian, secrecy, openness, policy, social work, infertility, child free, counselling, divorce, couples, pregnancy rates, child development, IVF, pregnancy, sexuality.
This book looks at various alternative forms of family formation such as surrogacy, DI, IVF, adoption, fostering and step families, in terms of the impact of their not being a genetic link between one or more of the parents and the offspring. Looks at issues of why, when, what and how to tell the child and other family members about these issues.
312. Hunt J. Guidelines for Prospect Contacts. In: Prospect, ed. unpublished; 1987.
313. Interdepartmental Monitoring Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technologies NZG. Briefing Notes for the Minister of Justice. In: Nixon M, ed. Chapter 5: Family and Children: Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Wellington: Department of Justice, New Zealand Government; 1990.
314. Jalbert P, David G. The genetic problems associated with artificial reproduction using donor gametes: the solutions that have been adopted by CECOS. (in French). Journal of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Biological Reproduction. 1987;16:547-52.
DI, France, practice, ethics, guidelines, doctors, eugenics, genetic screening: DI, France, practice, ethics, guidelines, doctors, eugenics, genetic screening.
This paper outlines the practice of CECOS in France with regard to using DI when genetic screening indicates that offspring will be born with diseases.
315. Jalbert P, Leonard C, Selva J, David G. Genetic Aspects of Artificial Insemination With Donor Semen: The French CECOS Federation Guidelines. American Journal of Medical GFenetics. 1989;33:269-75.
France, DI, screening, semen donors, couples, ethics, embryos, eggs, guidelines, practice: France, DI, screening, semen donors, couples, ethics, embryos, eggs, guidelines, practice.
This article outlines the French situation and compares this to other approaches. It presents arguments for the appropriateness of the French approach.
316. Jansen R. The clinical impact of in-vitro fertilization. Part 2. Regulation, money and research. The Medical Journal of Australia. 1987;146:362-6.
IVF, economics, ethics, research, embryos, infertility, couples, legislation, Australia, rights: IVF, economics, ethics, research, embryos, infertility, couples, legislation, Australia, rights.
This paper gives an overview of the legal and ethical issues involved in IVF and infertility treatment generally in an Australian context. Generally favours IVF.
317. Jansen R. In vitro fertilization: A history of quality assurance in Australia, 1980-9. Australian Clinical Review. 1989;9:27-32.
history, Australia, IVF, regulation, medical aspects, GIFT, law, economics, ethics, legislation, embryos, research, doctors: history, Australia, IVF, regulation, medical aspects, GIFT, law, economics, ethics, legislation, embryos, research, doctors.
This paper presents a positive view of the development of IVF in Australia, and its consequent benefits for infertile couples. It argues against limitations on IVF development and embryo research, such as the Victorian Infertility (Medical Procedures )Act.
318. Jepson A, Mostyn B, Hargreave TB, et al. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill. British Medical Journal. 1990;300(30 June):1721-2.
legislation, UK, openness, DI, adoption, telling the child, infertility, couples, economics, cryopreservation: legislation, UK, openness, DI, adoption, telling the child, infertility, couples, economics, cryopreservation.
These series of letters responding to an earlier article on the HFEA Act discuss secrecy and openness, cryopreservation, and economic matters.
319. Johnson SR, Smith EM, Guenther SM. Parenting Desires Among Bisexual Women and Lesbians. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 1987;32(3):198-200.
lesbian, sexuality, women, parenthood, adoption, DI, doctors, screening: lesbian, sexuality, women, parenthood, adoption, DI, doctors, screening.
This study of lesbian and bisexual women found that while a majority of these women had considered having a child, very few had attempted to have a child and even fewer had been successful. Success rates were higher in regard to having intercourse with cooperative or unsuspecting men than they were when DI or adoption was attempted.
320. Johnson G, Roberts D, Brown R, et al. Infertile or childless by choice. British Medical Journal. 1987;294(28 March):804-6.
infertility, child free, demgraphics, age, social attitudes, contraception, UK, women, doctors, sexuality, stigma, methods: infertility, child free, demgraphics, age, social attitudes, contraception, UK, women, doctors, sexuality, stigma, methods.
This study analysed the records of all the women patients appearing at 11 GP practices in London who were born in 1935 and 1950 to see how many were infertile or voluntarily childless. Finds that more of the younger women are vouluntariy childless and that there is less infertility among the women than has been reported in other studies. Looks at difficulties in classifying infertility and voluntary childlessness.321. Johnston M, Shaw R, Bird D. Test-tube baby procedures: Stress vs. judgements under uncertainty. Psychology and Health. 1987;1:25-38.
infertility, IVF, couples, stress, psychosocial, psychological: infertility, IVF, couples, stress, psychosocial, psychological.
not seen, See C. Dunkel-Schetter, 1991.
322. Jones HW. The process of human fertilization: implications for moral status. Fertility and Sterility. 1987;48(2):189-92.
ethics, embryos, medical aspects, USA,: ethics, embryos, medical aspects, USA,.
This paper describes male and female human reproductive biology, in relation to issues of the status of the embryo.
323. Jones DG. The New Birth Technologies and Human Value. Presented at the ANZAAS 1987.
assisted reproduction, ethics, technology, embryos, couples, infertility, research, abortion, IVF: assisted reproduction, ethics, technology, embryos, couples, infertility, research, abortion, IVF.
This paper looks at ethical issues in relation to embryo research in a variety of situations.
324. Jones HW, Committee) Coa. Summary of Points of Special Interest. In: Behrman SJ, Kistner RW, Patton GW, eds. Progress in Infertility. Boston: Little Brown and Company; 1988.
ethics, law, reproductive rights, USA, assisted reproduction, family, embryos, research, semen donors, egg donors, IVF, sex selection, egg donation, ET, sperm banks, cryopreservation, surrogacy, education, policy, economics: ethics, law, reproductive rights, USA, assisted reproduction, family, embryos, research, semen donors, egg donors, IVF, sex selection, egg donation, ET, sperm banks, cryopreservation, surrogacy, education, policy, economics.
This is a summary of the deliberations of a committee on the legal and ethical aspects of ARTs. It discusses embryo development, and makes a series of recommendations, particularly to the American Fertility Society.
325. Jonsson L. Artificial Insemination in Sweden. In: Conseil du Statut de la Femme GdQ, ed. Sortir La Maternite. Montreal Canada: Governement du Quebec; 1988.
DI, doctors, couples, semen donors, rights, Sweden, history, legislation, interests of child, openness, secrecy, anonymity, clinics, recruitment, motivation, law, single women, matching, counselling, telling the child, family, donors' partners,: DI, doctors, couples, semen donors, rights, Sweden, history, legislation, interests of child, openness, secrecy, anonymity, clinics, recruitment, motivation, law, single women, matching, counselling, telling the child, family, donors' partners,.
This paper outlines the issues in and the debate leading up to the Swedish Insemination Act in 1984. It outlines the process by which offspring can gain access to information about the donors, and the decline and subsequent recovery in donor numbers since 1984.
326. Junca A-M, Cohen J, Mandelbaum J, et al. Anonymous and non-anonymous oocyte donation preliminary results. Human Reproduction. 1988;3(1):121-3.
medical aspects, egg donation, known donors, drugs, practice, treatment, women, pregnancy rates: medical aspects, egg donation, known donors, drugs, practice, treatment, women, pregnancy rates.
This paper outlines the results of egg donation from known and anonymous donors in this clinic. Discusses positives and negatives of both approaches.
327. Justice Do, (Law Reform Division), New Zealand Government. New Birth Technologies. A summary of submissions received on the issues paper: Justice, Department of, (Law Reform Division), New Zealand Government; 1986.
328. Kaiser DS. Artificial Insemination: Donor Rights in Situations Involving Unmarried Recipients. Journal of Family Law. 1987-8;26:793-811.
law, DI, semen donors, parenthood, single women, doctors, USA, legislation anonymity, history, family, rights: law, DI, semen donors, parenthood, single women, doctors, USA, legislation anonymity, history, family, rights.
This paper looks at case law and legislation in the USA in relation to paternity issues involving DI and single women. Outlines possible legislation to deal with these issues and advocates donor anonymity.
329. Kalmus DS. The Use of Infertility Services Among Fertility-Impaired Couples. Demography. 1987;24(4):575-85.
infertility, couples, motivation, clinics, social class, race, family, economics, age, education, USA, women: infertility, couples, motivation, clinics, social class, race, family, economics, age, education, USA, women.
This is an analysis of USA national statistics with regard to extent of infertility and demographics of women using infertility services. It finds that the most likely users of services are women who are white, well educated, 25+ years, want a child and neither her nor her husband has had a child prior to the current marriage. The strongest determiner of service use was race even when other socioeconomic factors were controlled for.
330. Kane E. Surrogate Motherhood: Reproductive Technology or Reproductive Prostitution. unpublished ?; 1988.331. Kane E. Birth Mother. Melbourne, Australia: Sun; 1990.
surrogacy, motherhood, psychosocial, couples, infertility, social attitudes, women, USA, stress, psychological, medicalisation, technology, doctors, law, commercialisation, fatherhood, known surrogates, ethics, payment: surrogacy, motherhood, psychosocial, couples, infertility, social attitudes, women, USA, stress, psychological, medicalisation, technology, doctors, law, commercialisation, fatherhood, known surrogates, ethics, payment.
This is the story of Elizabeth Kane, who was a surrogate mother who went through depression as a result of this experience, and later formed an organisation called Coalition against Surrogacy in the USA. Contains a forward by Robyn Rowland which has useful bibliography, some of which is not on EN.
332. Karpf A. Is bonding beautiful? The Health Service Journal. 1986(21 August):1114.
motherhood, women, offspring, social attitudes, psychological, doctors, practice: motherhood, women, offspring, social attitudes, psychological, doctors, practice.
This report questions the theory that children who stay with their mothers immediately after birth are more intelligent and better adjusted.
333. Kasimba P. The South Australian Reproductive Technology Act 1988. Law Institute Journal. 1988(August):728-30.
law, Australia, legislation, IVF, interests of child, embryos, cryopreservation, licensing, prohibition, practice, couples, infertility, records, DI, doctors, research, assisted reproduction, social attitudes, technology, ethics: law, Australia, legislation, IVF, interests of child, embryos, cryopreservation, licensing, prohibition, practice, couples, infertility, records, DI, doctors, research, assisted reproduction, social attitudes, technology, ethics.
This paper describes and comments on the 1988 South Australian ART Act and compares it to the equivalent Victorian legislation. It raises ethical and practical issues with to regard to the implementaion of the Act.
334. Kedem P, Mikulincer M, Nathanson YE, Bartoov B. Psychological aspects of male infertility. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1990;63:73-80.
male infertility, psychological, stress, impotence, sexuality, men, couples: male infertility, psychological, stress, impotence, sexuality, men, couples.
This study of 107 men with suspected infertility and a control group of 30 men found that the suspected infertile men had significantly lower self-esteem, and were more anxious, this was related to the way stress was appraised and the extent to which infertility was seen as a global problem. They also found that men with wives with medical infertility problems suffered more sexual dysfunction than those who did not.
335. Kellahear A. The Stigma of Dying; New Findings on an Old Theme. unpublished; 1989?
336. Kemeter P. Studies on psychosomatic implications of infertility - emotional stress on fertilization and implantation in in-vitro fertilization. Human Reproduction. 1988;3(3):341-52.
couples, women, child development, parents, counselling, IVF, psychosocial, psychological, stress: couples, women, child development, parents, counselling, IVF, psychosocial, psychological, stress.
This study of women presenting for IVF in comparison to a control found that the IVF women were more likely to have somatic complaints, to be depressed, and to identify themselves more with their mothers. Women who were unsuccessful in having IVF, scored significantly higher in personality tests for social resonance and scoial potency. Paper notes the importance of counselling.
337. Kennard EAD, Collins RL, Blankstein J, et al. A program for matched, anonymous oocyte donation. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;51(4):655-60.
egg donors, matching, screening, pregnancy, psychological, family, economics, motivation, media, known donors, embryos, cryopreservation, IVF, recipients, psychosocial, payment: egg donors, matching, screening, pregnancy, psychological, family, economics, motivation, media, known donors, embryos, cryopreservation, IVF, recipients, psychosocial, payment.
This paper reports the psychological and physical screening process of this clinic for egg donors. It looks at donor motivation (including financial), and at the high incidence of family disturbance in donor candidates background. Reports payment rates and success rates of donations.
338. Kentenich H, Schmiady H, Stauber M. Experiences with a psychosomatically oriented 'sterility' discussion group for IVF patients. Presented at the Third Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology; Cambridge, UK; 1987.
IVF, psychosocial, infertility, couples, psycholigical, stigma, coping skills, assisted reproduction, process, doctors, support groups, practice, adoption: IVF, psychosocial, infertility, couples, psycholigical, stigma, coping skills, assisted reproduction, process, doctors, support groups, practice, adoption.
This abstract of this paper discusses the issues for the coupless involved in the dicussion group; processing infertility, stigma, when to stop treatment, adoption as an option, coping skill etc. It also advises doctors on how to respond best to the needs and wished of these patients.
339. Kentenich H. Psychological guidance of IVF patients. Human Reproduction. 1989;4(Supplement):17-22.
infertility, couples, IVF, stress, women, psychosocial, psychological, treatment, men, sexuality, social attitudes, divorce, doctors, support groups, motivation, counselling: infertility, couples, IVF, stress, women, psychosocial, psychological, treatment, men, sexuality, social attitudes, divorce, doctors, support groups, motivation, counselling.
This study of couples undergoing IVF reports their attitudes to various aspects of infertility treatment and other stresses concerning infertility, their attitudes towards support groups, and the impact of treatment upon their relationships. Discusses these results in terms of a healthy and unhealthy desire for a child. Makes recommendations for doctors, and advises that counselling be available for these patients.
340. Kilgour R. An Analysis of Wives' and Husbands' Differing Responses to Questions About the Family. New Zealand Population Review. 1988;14(1):23-34.
gender, methodology, pregnancy, family, couples, men, women, sex roles, NZ, law, contraception: gender, methodology, pregnancy, family, couples, men, women, sex roles, NZ, law, contraception.
This paper looks at the differences between the responses of male and females halves of couples to various questions, particularly about reproduction issues in a NZ context. Favours interviewing men and women in couples separately.341. Kim MH. Current Trends in Human IVF and Other Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Yonsei Medical Journal. 1990;31(2):91-7.
IVF, ET, assisted reproduction, ethics, law, history, medical aspects, pregnancy rates, GIFT, ZIFT, cryopreservation, ICSI, surrogacy, embryos, technology, parenthood: IVF, ET, assisted reproduction, ethics, law, history, medical aspects, pregnancy rates, GIFT, ZIFT, cryopreservation, ICSI, surrogacy, embryos, technology, parenthood.
This paper broadly reviews medical aspects of various ART developments, and looks briefly at ethical and legal issues.
342. King P. Have social workers a role in protecting an unborn child? Social Work Today. 1987(January 19):14-15.
law, social work, social workers, embryos, interests of child, UK, abortion, rights, pregnancy, medical aspects, motherhood, women: law, social work, social workers, embryos, interests of child, UK, abortion, rights, pregnancy, medical aspects, motherhood, women.
This piece discusses a case involving welfare authorities, a pregnant heroin addict and the welfare of the embryo she is pregnant with. Looks at UK law and the implications of this latest ruling, the role of social workers and the rights/responsibilities of pregnant women.
343. Kirby MD. 1. Medical Technolgy and New Frontiers of Family Law. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1987;14(3-4):113-9.
technology, law, family, women, contraception, social attitudes, social change, economics, adoption, Australia, IVF, assisted reproduction, disability, DI, UK, openness, semen donors, consent, payment, surrogacy, commercialisation,: technology, law, family, women, contraception, social attitudes, social change, economics, adoption, Australia, IVF, assisted reproduction, disability, DI, UK, openness, semen donors, consent, payment, surrogacy, commercialisation,.
This paper looks at a variety of legal issues which have arisen as a result of ART issues, including, secrecy and openness in regard to donor gamete offspring, surrogacy, etc. Written from an Australian/Commonwealth law context.
344. Kirby M. Human Tissues Legislation: Lessons from the Past. In: Caton H, ed. Trends in Biomedical Regulation. Sydney: Butterworth; 1990.
law, organ donation, Australia, ethics, embryos, social attitudes, IVF, fetal tissue, research, policy: law, organ donation, Australia, ethics, embryos, social attitudes, IVF, fetal tissue, research, policy.
This article recounts the authors' experiences on the Law reform commision in Australia, when it looked at the issues of organ donation, IVF, and fetal tissue research. It outlines the process undertaken.
345. Kirk D. West Germany Moving to Make IVF Research a Crime. Science. 1988;241.
Germany, IVF, embryos, research, law, doctors, prohibition, legislation, scientists, ethics, technology: Germany, IVF, embryos, research, law, doctors, prohibition, legislation, scientists, ethics, technology.
This piece reports on the proposed German legislation to ban embryo research and the reaction to this from medics and scientists.
346. Klein RD. Infertility. Women Speak Out About Their Experiences of Reproductive Medicine. London: Pandora; 1989.
347. Klein RD. Women with a fertility problem: An increasing group of clients for feminist therapists. Feminist Therapy Newsletter. 1989;5(2):11-15.
feminism, counselling, infertility, women: feminism, counselling, infertility, women.
not seen.
348. Klyman CM. Pregnancy as a Reaction to Early Childhood Sibling Loss. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1986;14(3):323-35.
family, stress, pregnancy, women, adult development, psychological, psychosocial, sexuality, pregnancy, surrogacy: family, stress, pregnancy, women, adult development, psychological, psychosocial, sexuality, pregnancy, surrogacy.
Discussion of 'unwanted' pregnancies and the desire to be a surrogate mother as a response to stresses brought on by the loss of close relations. Discussed from within a psychoanalytic framework.
349. Knoppers B, Sloss E. Recent Developments: Legislative Reforms in Reproductive Technology. Ottawa Law Review. 1986;18:663-719.
law, legislation, guidelines, UK, Canada, Australia, USA, France, Europe, assisted reproduction, technology, regulation, sperm banks, licensing, doctors, clinics, infertility, age, parenthood, single women, lesbian, interests of child, records, screening, payment, semen donors, egg donors, paternity, records, anonymity, openness, embryos, research, consent, donors' partners, ET, surrogacy, DI, egg donation, medicalisation, counselling, prohibition, pregnancy: law, legislation, guidelines, UK, Canada, Australia, USA, France, Europe, assisted reproduction, technology, regulation, sperm banks, licensing, doctors, clinics, infertility, age, parenthood, single women, lesbian, interests of child, records, screening, payment, semen donors, egg donors, paternity, records, anonymity, openness, embryos, research, consent, donors' partners, ET, surrogacy, DI, egg donation, medicalisation, counselling, prohibition, pregnancy.
This is a review of contemporary legislative developments in relation to ARTs in Canada, UK, Australia, USA, France and Europe. Looks at issues of regulation, paternity, sperm banking, status of the embryo, interests of the child, recordkeeping, surrogacy, and the role of doctors.
350. Kolata G. Ethical Guidelines Proposed for Reproductive Technology. Science. 1986;233(4770):1255.
infertiliy, USA, guidelines, IVF, doctors, ethics, technology, clinics, practice, cryopreservation, DI, ET, surrogacy, family, payment: infertiliy, USA, guidelines, IVF, doctors, ethics, technology, clinics, practice, cryopreservation, DI, ET, surrogacy, family, payment.
This newspiece looks at the guidelines of th American Fertility Society on ARTs, and the dissensions to these guidelines.351. Kovacs GT, Morgan GC, Rawson G, Wood C. Community attitudes to artificial insemination by donor. Australian Family Physician. 1986;15(1):50-1.
DI, social attitudes, education, age, religion, male infertility, Australia, infertility, telling the child, single women, Anglican, Catholic, Judaism, Orthodox, IVF, openness, semen donors, HIV: DI, social attitudes, education, age, religion, male infertility, Australia, infertility, telling the child, single women, Anglican, Catholic, Judaism, Orthodox, IVF, openness, semen donors, HIV.
This study of attitudes to DI in Australia found that 70% approved, 47% thought offspring should be told abou their DI origins, and 15% they should be allowed accessto the donor's identity. Also asked questions about single women. Differences in attitude were found by age and education, but not by religion.
352. Koval R. What Price the Scale of Reproductive Technology. Presented at the Liberation or Loss: Women Act on the New Reprocuctive Technologies; Canberra; 1986.
infertility, assisted reproduction, women, Australia: infertility, assisted reproduction, women, Australia.
not seen, see Mendelsohn.
353. Koval R. The commercialisation of reproductive technology. In: Scott JA, ed. The Baby Machine. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: McCulloch; 1988.
assisted reproduction, commercialisation, IVF, Australia, medical apsects, technology, pregnancy, women, science, economics, infertility, law, secrecy, ethics, research, embryos, genetics, eugenics, history, USA, sterilisation, race, surrogacy, sperm banks, payment, pregnancy, rights, contracts, commodification, couples, class, surrogates, poverty, feminism, genetic screening, advertising, regulation: assisted reproduction, commercialisation, IVF, Australia, medical apsects, technology, pregnancy, women, science, economics, infertility, law, secrecy, ethics, research, embryos, genetics, eugenics, history, USA, sterilisation, race, surrogacy, sperm banks, payment, pregnancy, rights, contracts, commodification, couples, class, surrogates, poverty, feminism, genetic screening, advertising, regulation.
This paper looks at commercialisation issues in ARTs with particular emphasis on the Australian context. It outlines the impact of the eugenics movement on ART research. The impact of profit based enterprises and funding bodies on the development and direction of ART research and on the traditional sharing of information in the academic setting. It looks at the impact of all of this in terms of the exploitation of women particularly as surrogates and particularly in the third world.
354. La Puma J, Schiedermayer DL, Grover J. Surrogacy and Shakespeare: The Merchant's contract revisted. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989;160(January):59-62.
surrogacy, motherhood, consent, poverty, class, doctors, ethics, law, contracts, pregnancy, payment, couples, psychological, infertility, counselling, rights, commercialisation, commodification: surrogacy, motherhood, consent, poverty, class, doctors, ethics, law, contracts, pregnancy, payment, couples, psychological, infertility, counselling, rights, commercialisation, commodification.
This paper argues against surrogacy and the involvement of doctors in them.
355. Lacayo R, Franklin R, Russel B. Whose Child Is This? Time; 1987.
356. Lalos A, Lalos O, Jacobsson L, Schoultz BV. A Psychosocial Characterization of Infertile Couples before Surgical Treatment of the Female. Journal of Pyschosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1986;5:197-206.
female infertility, psychological, stress, couples, gender, sexuality, social support, counselling, doctors, psychosocial: female infertility, psychological, stress, couples, gender, sexuality, social support, counselling, doctors, psychosocial.
This study utilises interviews, Eysenck Personality Inventories and symptom checklists to ascertain the emotional and social impact of infertility on 30 women with tubal damage and their 29 men. The couples expressed grief, depression, guilt, and feelings of inferiority and isolation as a result of their infertility. The women admitted to more symptoms than the men, marital relationships were often affected particularly sexual relations, informal networks were found to offer inadequate support, and all respondents expressed a need for more professional support and counselling.
357. Lalos A, Lalos O, Jacobsson L, Schoultz BV. Depression, Guilt and Isolation among Infertile Women and their Partners. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1986;5:197-206.
female infertility, couples, stress, social support, gender, counselling, process, Sweden: female infertility, couples, stress, social support, gender, counselling, process, Sweden.
This study of 30 couples over a period of time in which the women underwent surgery for tubal infertility looks at the various stresses and psychological states which couples go through. It notes differences in gender and outlines the respondents positions in the process of working through their reaction to the infertility over a period of two years.
358. Lamport AT. The Genetics of Secrecy in Adoption, Artificial Insemination, and In Vitro Fertilization. American Journal of Law & Medicine. 1988;14(1):109-24.
adoption, DI, IVF, secrecy, records, openness, clinics, offspring, couples, law, USA, interests of child, semen donors, consanguinity, medical aspects: adoption, DI, IVF, secrecy, records, openness, clinics, offspring, couples, law, USA, interests of child, semen donors, consanguinity, medical aspects.
This paper looks at adoption, donor insemination and IVF in relation to secrecy issues about gaining medical information about donors and birth parents, the trauma of offspring not knowing their birth parents, consanguinity etc.. It proposes legislation which would allow access to non-identifying information, and identifying information on offspring maturity. Not much on donors.
359. Lancaster PAL. Health registers for congenital malformations and in vitro fertilization. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1986;4:27-37.
records, pregnancy, women, treatment, IVF, Australia, medical aspects, methods, environmental factors, anonymity: records, pregnancy, women, treatment, IVF, Australia, medical aspects, methods, environmental factors, anonymity.
This paper outlines the ways in which national data on congenital malformations in pregnancy, and on IVF pregnancies were used to study the effect of environmental or other toxins.
360. Lantos JD. Second-Generation Ethical Issues in New Reproductive Technologies. In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
psychological, assisted reproduction, selection, counselling, policy, ethics, surrogacy, interests of child, age, doctors, women, embryos: psychological, assisted reproduction, selection, counselling, policy, ethics, surrogacy, interests of child, age, doctors, women, embryos.
This section of this book discusses ethical and policy issues in relation to doctors and psychiatrists selecting people for ART treatments.361. Lasker JN, Borg S. In Search of Parenthood and Coping with High-Tech Conceptions. Boston, USA: Beacon Press; 1987.
assisted reproduction, technology, parenthood, infertility, coping skills: assisted reproduction, technology, parenthood, infertility, coping skills.
Not seen.
362. Lasker JN, Borg S. Secrecy and the new reproductive technologies. In: Whiteford LM, Poland ML, eds. New Approaches to Human Reproduction: Social and Ethical Dimensions. Boulder, CO, USA: Westview Press.; 1989.
couples, secrecy, male infertility, DI, AIH, IVF, telling the child, gender, doctors, social attitudes: couples, secrecy, male infertility, DI, AIH, IVF, telling the child, gender, doctors, social attitudes.
This paper reports on the results of an earlier study by the same authors on couples attitudes to telling children, and keeping their treatment a secret from others. It looks at arguments for and against secrecy and present the respondents feelings and attitudes in relation to this issue.
363. Leeton J, Harman J. Attitudes Towards Egg Donation of Thirty-
Four Infertile Women in an In Vitro Fertilization Program who Anonymously Donated an Egg to Another Infertile Couple: Unpublished; 1986.
364. Leeton J, Chan LK, Trounson A, Harman J. Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of an Embryo Fertilized in Vitro Where the Oocyte Was Donated by the Sister of the Recipient. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1986;3(6):379-82.
egg donors, pregnancy, ET, IVF, known donors, egg donation, recipients, medical aspects, psychosocial, Australia, UK, couples, telling the child, selection, legislation, parenthood, law: egg donors, pregnancy, ET, IVF, known donors, egg donation, recipients, medical aspects, psychosocial, Australia, UK, couples, telling the child, selection, legislation, parenthood, law.
This paper reports on a case described in the title . It discusses psychosocial and legal issues in relation to this.
365. Leeton J, Harman J. The Donation of Oocytes to Known Recipients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1987;27:248-50.
egg donors, IVF, known donors, female infertility, couples, motivation, records, identity, known donors, anonymity, secrecy, semen donors, payment, history, psychosocial, payment, telling the child: egg donors, IVF, known donors, female infertility, couples, motivation, records, identity, known donors, anonymity, secrecy, semen donors, payment, history, psychosocial, payment, telling the child.
This study of women donating eggs to known donors and anonymously looks attitudes to openness and secrecy, telling the child, record keeping and feelings of attachment to the child. Differences between two groups were known donors had more children and had greater feelings of attachment to child.
366. Leeton J. The Use of Donor Sperm in the Management of Male Infertility in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988;28:324-326.
Australia, history, semen donors, social attitudes, DI, selection, assessment, recipients, counselling, screening, psychosocial, demographics, consent, techniques, results, legislation, social father, secrecy, openness: Australia, history, semen donors, social attitudes, DI, selection, assessment, recipients, counselling, screening, psychosocial, demographics, consent, techniques, results, legislation, social father, secrecy, openness.
This article outlines the current practices of DI in Australia and looks at social attitudes to various aspects of this. It supports counselling for both donors and couples, sees DI as being quite differnt from adoption and can see no reason for screening couples. It contends that donors should be able to get information about successful pregnancies, and that offspring and couples should be able to get non-identifying information about donors.
367. Leeton J, King C, Harman J. Sister-Sister in Vitro Fertilization Surrogate Pregnancy with Donor Sperm: The Case for Surrogate Gestational Pregnancy. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1988;5(5):245-8.
family, IVF, surrogacy, couples, semen donors, medical aspects, pregnancy, Australia, law, counselling, legislation, interests of child, motherhood, parenthood, known donors, known surrogates: family, IVF, surrogacy, couples, semen donors, medical aspects, pregnancy, Australia, law, counselling, legislation, interests of child, motherhood, parenthood, known donors, known surrogates.
This paper describes a case study, and outlines problems in the Victorian law in relation to IVF surrogacy.
368. Leeton J. The legal dilemma of in-vitro fertilization surrogate pregnancy in Victoria. The Medical Journal of Australia. 1988;149(October 17).
IVF, surrogacy, Australia, law, couples, psychosocial, family: IVF, surrogacy, Australia, law, couples, psychosocial, family.
This letter draws to attention ambiguities and unintended effects of recent Victorian legislation.
369. Leiblum SR, Kemmann E, Colburn D, Pasquale W, DeLisi AM. Unsuccessful in Vitro Fertilization: A Follow-Up Study. Journlal of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1987;4(1):46-50.
IVF, women, adoption, infertility, process, assisted reproduction, psychological, treatment, stress, pregnancy rates, doctors, couples, parenthood, technology: IVF, women, adoption, infertility, process, assisted reproduction, psychological, treatment, stress, pregnancy rates, doctors, couples, parenthood, technology.
This study of unsuccessful female IVF candidates after a mean interval of 8.4 months finds that 93% would consider alternative ARTs if they became available, that 44% were pursuing or had acquired adopted children, 70% would consider another IVF trial, 52% considered themselves to have resolved their infertility crisis, and 56% had decided to abandon pursuing a biological child.
370. Leiblum SR, Kemmann E, Lane MK. The psychological concomitants of in vitro fertilization. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987;6:165-78.
psychological, psychosocial, IVF, couples, stress, infertility: psychological, psychosocial, IVF, couples, stress, infertility.
not seen, See Reading 1991.371. Liebmann-Smith J. In Pursuit of Pregnancy. How Couples Discover, Cope with, and Resolve their Fertility Problems. New York: Newmarket Press; 1987.
pregnancy, infertility, couples, coping skills, process, support groups, adoption, assisted reproduction, child free, clinics, coping skills, counselling, couples, crisis, doctor patient relations, doctors, DI, economics, egg donation, family, fatherhood, female infertility, fertility, health professionals, infertility, IVF, male infertility, medical aspects, motherhood, parenthood, payment, policy, practice, pregnancy, process, psychological, psychosocial, social attitudes, stress, support groups, surrogacy, USA, women, infertility societies: pregnancy, infertility, couples, coping skills, process, support groups, adoption, assisted reproduction, child free, clinics, coping skills, counselling, couples, crisis, doctor patient relations, doctors, DI, economics, egg donation, family, fatherhood, female infertility, fertility, health professionals, infertility, IVF, male infertility, medical aspects, motherhood, parenthood, payment, policy, practice, pregnancy, process, psychological, psychosocial, social attitudes, stress, support groups, surrogacy, USA, women, infertility societies.
chapter headings: Trying to get Pregnant - and Not Succeding: Dealing with Doctors: The Infertile Marriage: Family, Friends, and the Fertile World: Infertility 9to5: Coping Emotionally: Options and Solutions.
372. Lifton BJ. Brave New Baby in the Brave New World. Women Health. 1988;13(1-2):149-53.
adoption, psychological, secrecy, parenthood, assisted reproduction, family, blood bond, identity, technology, surrogacy, law: adoption, psychological, secrecy, parenthood, assisted reproduction, family, blood bond, identity, technology, surrogacy, law.
This paper compares the experiences of offsrpring produced by ARTs with adopted children looking particularly at surrogacy. Asks questions about the importance of identity and its formation, and the importance of a sense of genetic continuity.
373. Lilford RJ, Dalton ME. Effectiveness of treatment for infertility. British Medical Journal. 1987;295:155.
infertility, treatment, assisted reproduction, couples, medical aspects: infertility, treatment, assisted reproduction, couples, medical aspects.
not seen. See Mason 1990.
374. Liljestrand P. Donor Insemination Politics in Sweden: Universtiy of California. San Francisco; 1990.
375. Lindahl MW, Back KW. Lineage identity and generational continuity: family history and family reunions. Compr Gerontol B. 1987;1:30-34.
family, blood bond, USA, social attitudes, gender, race, age, identity, attitudes, assisted reproduction, adoption, culture, UK, infertility, couples, stress: family, blood bond, USA, social attitudes, gender, race, age, identity, attitudes, assisted reproduction, adoption, culture, UK, infertility, couples, stress.
This paper looks at the resurgence of interest in genealogy and family reunions in American culture. Looks at the differences between racial and gender and age groupings in regard to this, and generally sees this as the family being adaptive to new social environments. Comments briefly on the 'genetic' death infertile couples feel in this regard.
376. Lingham L. Made in India. A dossier on the vew reproductive technologies. In: Women's Studies Unit TIoSS, ed. Bombay, India: Women's Studies Unit, Tata Institute of Social Sciences; 1989.
377. Link PW, Darling CA. Couples Undergoing Treatment for Infertility: Dimensions of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 1986;12(1, Spring):46-59.
couples, infertility, assisted reproduction, stress, psychological, psychosocial, doctors, gender, adult development, counselling, social attitudes, family, support groups: couples, infertility, assisted reproduction, stress, psychological, psychosocial, doctors, gender, adult development, counselling, social attitudes, family, support groups.
This study of 43 couples and 17 women whose husbands did not respond; who were undergoing treatment for infertility, found that women were generally more disatisfied with their marital and sexual relations and their life generally than men were. The paper suggests reasons for this, describes the experience of infertility generally, and makes recommendations to doctors who are treating infertile couples.
378. Lloyd M. Male Infertility: Its Social Construction and How it is Experienced and Resisted. unpublished; 1988.
379. Lorber J. Choice, gift or patriarchal bargain? Women's consent to in vitro fertilization in male infertility. Hypatia. 1989;4:23-36.
male infertility, gender, couples, IVF, feminism, gift, women, men: male infertility, gender, couples, IVF, feminism, gift, women, men.
not seen. Reference in Strickler, 1992.
380. Lumley J. The proposed Victorian Donor Gamete Register. Clinical Reproduction and Fertility. 1986;4:39-43.
law, legislation, Australia, records, IVF, DI, egg donors, semen donors, adoption, doctors, social workers, policy, ethics, pregnancy, anonymity: law, legislation, Australia, records, IVF, DI, egg donors, semen donors, adoption, doctors, social workers, policy, ethics, pregnancy, anonymity.
This paper discusses the confidentiality of and possible uses of a register of donor gamete information, which at the time of writing was only to be allowed to have non-identifying information released from it.381. Lupton ML. The Right to Be Born: Surrogacy and the Legal Controlof Human Fertility. Medicine and law. 1989;7(5):483-503.
South Africa, law, couples, family, surrogacy, IVF, reproductive rights, ET, women, interests of child, adoption, surrogates, motherhood, motivation, ethics, commercialisation, prohibition, screening, selection, handicap, contracts, commmodification, pregnancy, payment, class, infertility, regulation: South Africa, law, couples, family, surrogacy, IVF, reproductive rights, ET, women, interests of child, adoption, surrogates, motherhood, motivation, ethics, commercialisation, prohibition, screening, selection, handicap, contracts, commmodification, pregnancy, payment, class, infertility, regulation.
This paper looks at the legal status of surrogacy in South Africa, at the ehtics of surrogcy, the motivations of the participants etc. It presents legislative responses to surogacy and outlines a regulatory approach.
382. Macklin R. Is There Anything Wrong with Surrogate Motherhood? An Ethical Analysis. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):57-64.
ethics, motherhood, surrogacy, women, commodification, commercialisation, contracts, surrogates, law, policy, payment, reproductive rights, infertility, philosophy, Canada, UK, telling the child, rights, interests of child, feminism, consent, USA, class, prohibition: ethics, motherhood, surrogacy, women, commodification, commercialisation, contracts, surrogates, law, policy, payment, reproductive rights, infertility, philosophy, Canada, UK, telling the child, rights, interests of child, feminism, consent, USA, class, prohibition.
This paper looks at the ethics of surrogacy , presenting various arguments in favour and against. Concludes that commercial surrogacy rather than surrogacy in itself is the problem and that the former shoud be prohibited.
383. MacNaughton MC. The Current Status of the Warnock Report and Other International Reports. In: Fishel S, Symonds EM, eds. In vitro fertilisation. Past, present and future. Oxford: IRL Press; 1986.
UK, IVF, regulation, egg donation, cryopreservation, sperm banks, law, embryos, paternity, ethics, research, licensing, legislation, Australia, infertility, couoples, DI, standards: UK, IVF, regulation, egg donation, cryopreservation, sperm banks, law, embryos, paternity, ethics, research, licensing, legislation, Australia, infertility, couoples, DI, standards.
This is a summary of the recommendations of the Warnock report in relation to IVF, embryo research, cryyopreservation issues, paternity etc. Also looks briefly at the legislation and activity in this area in Victoria, Australia.
384. MacNaughton M. Ethics and reproduction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;162(4):879-82.
ethics, doctors, social attitudes, assisted reproduction, sex selection, genetic screening, disability, IVF, research, embryos, surrogacy: ethics, doctors, social attitudes, assisted reproduction, sex selection, genetic screening, disability, IVF, research, embryos, surrogacy.
This is a general overview of ethical issues in assisted reproduction. It looks at sex selection, genetic screening, IVF, embryo research, and surrogacy.
385. MacNeil M, al e. The Social Dimension of Reproductive Technologies. London: MacMillan; 1989.
386. Mahlstedt PP, MacDuff S, Bernstein J. Emotional Factors and the in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Process. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1987;4(4):232-6.
IVF, psychosocial, ET, couples, infertility, stress, practice, psychological, gender, pregnancy, doctors, support groups counselling: IVF, psychosocial, ET, couples, infertility, stress, practice, psychological, gender, pregnancy, doctors, support groups counselling.
This study of couples undergoing IVf looks at their emotional states before and after the treatment. It finds some gender based differences. It presents suggestions from the couples about practices which would help them psychologically in this area.
387. Mahlstedt PP, Greenfeld DA. Assisted reproductive technology with donor gametes: the need for patient preparation. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(6):908-14.
infertility, assisted reproduction, egg donors, semen donors, couples, family, interests of child, secrecy, anonymity, openness, blood bond, doctors, social attitudes, technology, parenthood, religion,: infertility, assisted reproduction, egg donors, semen donors, couples, family, interests of child, secrecy, anonymity, openness, blood bond, doctors, social attitudes, technology, parenthood, religion,.
This paper looks at the issues surrounding the use of donor gametes in ARTs, and preparing couples for these. Argues for openness. Looks at issues of secrecy, anonymity, biological and social parenthood, and social attitudes.
388. Mahoney J. An Essay on Surrogacy and Feminist Thought. Law Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):81-8.
feminism, surrogacy, women, class, poverty, law, contracts, payment, ethics, prohibition, legislation, policy, gender, reproductive rights, abortion, parenthood, paternity, adoption, commercialisation, interests of child, fatherhood, motherhood: feminism, surrogacy, women, class, poverty, law, contracts, payment, ethics, prohibition, legislation, policy, gender, reproductive rights, abortion, parenthood, paternity, adoption, commercialisation, interests of child, fatherhood, motherhood.
This paper looks at surrogacy from a feminist perspective addressing possible legal ways of dealing with surrogacy contracts, payment issues, paternity concerns etc.
389. Marmaduke A, Bell SK. In Vitro Fertilzation and Embryo Transfer Dilemmas. Nursing Forum. 1989;24(3-4):24-8.
IVF, ET, ethics, technology, embryos, cryopreservation, selection, nurses, practice, psychosocial, disability, infertility, economics, access: IVF, ET, ethics, technology, embryos, cryopreservation, selection, nurses, practice, psychosocial, disability, infertility, economics, access.
This paper discusses issues of selection of couples for IVF/ET, the status of embryos, rights of access to services etc.
390. Martin A. Lesbian Parenting. A Personal Odyssey. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
lesbian, DI, stress, child development, gender, psychosocial, family, parenthood, social support, known donors, openness, doctors, social attitudes: lesbian, DI, stress, child development, gender, psychosocial, family, parenthood, social support, known donors, openness, doctors, social attitudes.
This paper is a relating of the experiences of the author who is in a lesbian 'marriage', has had a child by DI and who also raises another child who was borne by her partner by DI. It tells of the decision-making process involved in having children and in deciding how to have children. It looks at issues of the stresses associated with bearing and raising children in this manner and in this context, at social attitudes to lesbianism. It also looks at issues of how to tell children about their DI origins.391. Martin-Mathews A, Matthews R. Beyond the Mechanics of Infertility: Perspectives on the Social Psychology of Infertility and Involuntary Childlessness. Family Relations. 1986;35(October):479-87.
infertility, process, psychological, psychosocial, health professionals, methods, couples, women, stress, religion, family, class: infertility, process, psychological, psychosocial, health professionals, methods, couples, women, stress, religion, family, class.
This paper overviews research into the correlations between psychology and infertility, and the process of coming to deal with infertility. It outlines methodological problems and potential research areas, and provides suggestions for health professionals involved with the infertile.
392. Marwick C. Artificial insemination faces regulation, testing of donor semen, other measures. JAMA. 1988;260:1339-1340.
regulation, screening, semen donors, semen, USA, DI, practice: regulation, screening, semen donors, semen, USA, DI, practice.
Discusses moves to tighten controls on DI - especially testing of semen.
393. Mascola L, Guinan ME. Screening to reduce transmission of sexually transmitted diseases in semen used for artificial insemination. New England Journal of Medicine. 1986;341:1354-1359.
screening, STDs, DI, semen donors, cryopreservation, economics, records: screening, STDs, DI, semen donors, cryopreservation, economics, records.
This paper discusses the possibilities of STDs being transmitted by DI. It outlines screening procedures and suggests a national record keeping system.
394. Mason JK. Human Life and Medical Practice. Edinburgh: University Press; 1988.
rights, embryos, scientists, research: rights, embryos, scientists, research.
not seen, See Mason, 1990. Chapter 8 looks at status of embryo issues.
395. Mason JK. Medico-Legal Aspects of Reproduction and Parenthood. Southampton: Dartmouth; 1990.
assisted reproduction, DI, IVF, egg donation, economics, payment, semen donors, egg donors, doctors, ET, GIFT, pregnancy, law, medical aspects, couples, contraception, sterilization, eugenics, rights, reproductive rights, abortion, UK, USA, Australia, NZ, South Africa, embryos, research, male infertility, female infertility, parenthood, child development, psychological, interests of child, motherhood, history, psychosocial, family, women, men, surrogacy, ethics, legislation, disability: assisted reproduction, DI, IVF, egg donation, economics, payment, semen donors, egg donors, doctors, ET, GIFT, pregnancy, law, medical aspects, couples, contraception, sterilization, eugenics, rights, reproductive rights, abortion, UK, USA, Australia, NZ, South Africa, embryos, research, male infertility, female infertility, parenthood, child development, psychological, interests of child, motherhood, history, psychosocial, family, women, men, surrogacy, ethics, legislation, disability.
This broad ranging book has chapters on :marriage, sexuality, contraception, sterilization, abortion, embryo research and protection, male and female infertility and various means of treatings this, surrogacy, disabled neonates, treatment and protection of children, and child abuse, neglect and murder. Contains a list of relevant law cases and legislation in a variety of countries.
396. Matot JP, Gustin ML. Filiation and secrecy in artificial insemination with donor. Human Reproduction. 1990;5(5):632-3.
couples, DI, telling the child, psychological, social attitudes, child development, psychosocial, doctors, secrecy, openness, family, men women, interests of child, sexuality, openness: couples, DI, telling the child, psychological, social attitudes, child development, psychosocial, doctors, secrecy, openness, family, men women, interests of child, sexuality, openness.
This paper outlines the problems associated with secrecy in relation to DI for offspring, and both the male and female members of the infertile couple. It discusses how doctors can present the situation to couples to help them come to a decision to be open with their offspring. It also discusses what the most appropriate age is to tell the offspring about their conception.
397. Matthews R, Matthews AM. Infertility and Involuntary Childlessness: The Transition to Nonparenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1986;48:641-9.
infertility, parenthood, couples, women, men, family, social attitudes, adult development, psychological, psychosocial, identity, stigma, secrecy, adoption, blood bond, stress, USA, child free, contraception, sterilisation, doctors, doctor patient relations, sexuality, assisted reproduction, treatment, process: infertility, parenthood, couples, women, men, family, social attitudes, adult development, psychological, psychosocial, identity, stigma, secrecy, adoption, blood bond, stress, USA, child free, contraception, sterilisation, doctors, doctor patient relations, sexuality, assisted reproduction, treatment, process.
This paper outlines ways in which various theories of symbolic interactionism and social psychology of the family can be used to come to an understanding of the stresses involved in the transition to involuntary childlessness or nonparenthood. It looks at issues of role, identity, family pressure, social attitudes, and couples relationships with doctors.
398. Mazure CM, De l'Aune W, DeCherney AH. Two methodological issues in the psychological study of in vitro fertilization embryo transfer participants. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;9:17-21.
IVF, ET, couples, women, doctors, methods, psychological , psychosocial, stress: IVF, ET, couples, women, doctors, methods, psychological , psychosocial, stress.
not seen, See Reading 1991.
399. Mazure CM, Greenfeld DA. Psychological Studies of in Vitro Fertilizatoion/Embryo Transfer Participants. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1989;6(4):242- 56.
infertility, doctors, couples, women, IVF, ET, psychological, counselling, attitudes, divorce, pregnancy, coping skills, social support, stress, sexuality, demographics, Catholic, economics, class, psychosocial, process, anxiety, grief, sex roles, treatment, assisted reproduction, selection, education, pregnancy rates: infertility, doctors, couples, women, IVF, ET, psychological, counselling, attitudes, divorce, pregnancy, coping skills, social support, stress, sexuality, demographics, Catholic, economics, class, psychosocial, process, anxiety, grief, sex roles, treatment, assisted reproduction, selection, education, pregnancy rates.
This paper overviews studies of psychosocial issues for couples with infertility undergoing IVF ET.
400. McArthur DS. Contemporary Adoption. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition. New York: Plenum; 1989.
adoption, openness, secrecy, telling the child, pregnancy, blood bond, parenthood, family, fatherhood, social attitudes: adoption, openness, secrecy, telling the child, pregnancy, blood bond, parenthood, family, fatherhood, social attitudes.
This section of this book argues for open and cooperative adoptions over sealed record adoptions, and looks at some of the problems and potential benefits of adoption.401. McCartney CF, Wada CY. Gender Differences in Counseling Needs During Infertility Treatment. In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
gender, counselling, infertility, reproductive technologies: gender, counselling, infertility, reproductive technologies.
This is a study of 269 women who had been associated with an infertility clinic and 217 men who were their partners. It was discovered that while men and women often had similar reactions to infertility the timing of these reactions and their intensity was often different. It notes that women see more relationship stress arising from infertility than men and are more likely to seek counselling.
402. McCartney CF, Wada CY. Gender Differences in Counselling Needs During Infertility Treatment. In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology. Washington, USA: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
infertility, couples, gender, psychological, assisted reproduction, stress, counselling, doctors, doctor patient relationship, process, coping skills: infertility, couples, gender, psychological, assisted reproduction, stress, counselling, doctors, doctor patient relationship, process, coping skills.
This study of 203 couples attending infertility clinics found that women scored significantly higher in measures of distress, willingness , openness, and satisfaction than men. It notes that male and female reactions to infertility treatment differ in extent and in timing. These differences can lead to it being difficult for couples to help each other or to seek help together, one member of the partnership not seeing the problem as important as the other at particular times. It concludes that women perceive more relationship distress than men and are more open to counselling.
403. McCormick RA. The Importance of Naturalness and Conjugal Gametes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988;541:664-7.
Catholic, assisted reproduction, sexuality, technology, couples, DI, IVF, family, contraception, psychological, interests of child, semen donors, psychosocial: Catholic, assisted reproduction, sexuality, technology, couples, DI, IVF, family, contraception, psychological, interests of child, semen donors, psychosocial.
This paper critises recent pronouncements by the Catholic church on DI, IVF etc.
404. McCullagh P. Experimental and Clinical Transplantation: Implications for Regulation of Medicine. In: Caton H, ed. Trends in Biomedical Regulation. Sydney: Butterworth; 1990.
law, social attitudes, ethics, policy, organ donors, guidelines, medical aspects: law, social attitudes, ethics, policy, organ donors, guidelines, medical aspects.
This artilce looks at the guidelines which are put in place with regard to organ transplants. It notes that there has been a shift from regarding the disabled as making special demands on society as a result of their disability, to regarding them as a resource for body parts for the otherwise healthy.
405. McDermott P. Sperm donors - a breed apart. The Australian Women's Weekly; 1988.
406. McEwan KL, Costello CG, Taylor PJ. Adjustment to Infertility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1987;96(2):108-16.
infertility, gender, psychological, stress, religion, sexuality, social support: infertility, gender, psychological, stress, religion, sexuality, social support.
This study of 62 women and 45 men who are infertile found that infertility was more stressful for women, particularly younger women, and women who had not received a diagnosis of infertility. Protestant faith was less associated with stress, and better adjustment than other faiths.
407. McFadden T. Surrogate motherhood - Refusing to relinquish a child. In: Scott JA, ed. The Baby Machine. Carlton, Victoria: McCulloch; 1988.
surrogacy, women, pregnancy, motherhood, family, contracts, parenthood, couples, surrogates, stress, blood bond, DI, Australia, social attitudes, media: surrogacy, women, pregnancy, motherhood, family, contracts, parenthood, couples, surrogates, stress, blood bond, DI, Australia, social attitudes, media.
This chapter relates the experiences of an Australian surrogate mother who decided to keep the baby. It includes a copy of the contract she signed, the reaction of her family, the general public, the media, the would be recipient couple etc. Is anti-surrogacy and expresses concern for the problems of infertile couples.
408. McFarlane A. The grief of infertility. The New Zealand Family Physicisn. 1990(Summer):19-22.
infertility, psychosocial, doctors, grief, process, couples, psychological, sexuality, social attitudes, stigma, blood bond, counselling, practice: infertility, psychosocial, doctors, grief, process, couples, psychological, sexuality, social attitudes, stigma, blood bond, counselling, practice.
This is a series of recommendations for doctors treating couples with infertility. It looks at the issues for couples experiencing this and the process of grieving they go through. Gives advice in relation to the way doctors can best respond to the needs of couples, practically and psychosocially.
409. McGourty C. Pressure on UK for embryo bill. Nature. 1988;336(6199):505.
IVF, UK, legislation, embryos, research, GIFT, doctors, scientists, Catholic, licensing: IVF, UK, legislation, embryos, research, GIFT, doctors, scientists, Catholic, licensing.
This newspiece reports on the troubles of the Voluntary Licensing Authority (for ART clinics) in the UK, and concerns over the lack of progress on legisltion ART and embryo research issues.
410. McKinlay R. The Regulation of Clinics Offering Assisted Reproduction in New Zealand: Issues and Options: Interdepartmental Moitoring Committee on New Birth Technologies (New Zealand); 1990.411. McLaren A. IVF: regulation or prohibition. Nature. 1989;342(30 November):469-70.
IVF, regulation, prohibition, UK, research, embryos, legislation, scientists, Catholic, social attitudes, ethics, history: IVF, regulation, prohibition, UK, research, embryos, legislation, scientists, Catholic, social attitudes, ethics, history.
This piece outlines the forthcoming decision of the UK parliament in relation to embryos research. Argument is made for regulation in this matter rather than prohibitkion.
412. McLaren A. Biomedical Science: Some Controversial Issues. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1990;610:197-201.
scientists, research, embryos, ethics, social attitudes, IVF, prohibition, regulation, UK: scientists, research, embryos, ethics, social attitudes, IVF, prohibition, regulation, UK.
Discussion of a variety of biomedical issues including IVF and embryo research. Argument is made that these can not be separated and that they should both be allowed to continue in a regulated fashion.
413. McLaren A. Research on the human conceptus and its regulation in Britian today. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1990;83(April):209-13.
research, embryos, UK, IVF, legislation, regulation, prohibition, licensing, grenetic screening, assisted reproduction, medical aspects, Catholic: research, embryos, UK, IVF, legislation, regulation, prohibition, licensing, grenetic screening, assisted reproduction, medical aspects, Catholic.
This paper looks at medical aspects of embryo development in relation to the prohibiton or regulation of IVF and embryo research. Makes an argument for regulation.
414. McWhinnie AM. Test Tube Babies ..... The Child, The Family and Society. In: Fishel S, Symonds EM, eds. In Vitro Fertilisation. Past, Present, Future. Oxford: IRL Press; 1986.
interests of child, family, IVF, couples, psychological, infertility, parenthood, social attitudes, sexuality, feminism, women, assisted reproduction, doctors, stress, genetic engineering, social workers, nurses, psychosocial, motherhood, blood bond, semen donors, Sweden, legislation, UK, regulation, attitudes, telling the child, donors' partners, adoption: interests of child, family, IVF, couples, psychological, infertility, parenthood, social attitudes, sexuality, feminism, women, assisted reproduction, doctors, stress, genetic engineering, social workers, nurses, psychosocial, motherhood, blood bond, semen donors, Sweden, legislation, UK, regulation, attitudes, telling the child, donors' partners, adoption.
This paper looks at the psychological and sociological issues involved in IVF for couples and women, for offspring where they have been conceived by donor gametes, and for donors and their families. Also looks at wider implications for society and approaches of different countries to these issues.
415. McWhinnie AM. A Developmental Chart for Adoptive Family Functioning. Author Address: 10 Templars Close, Wheatley, Oxford, OX9 1PA, UK: Unpublished; 1988?
416. McWhinnie A. Report on Donor Insemination in Sweden: University of Dundee; 1990.
417. Medical Research Council Working Party on Children Conceived by In Vitro Fertilisation. Births in Great Britain resulting from assisted conception, 1978-87. British Medical Journal. 1990;300(12 May):1229-33.
IVF, child development, medical aspects, multiple pregnancy, GIFT: IVF, child development, medical aspects, multiple pregnancy, GIFT.
This paper finds that primarily because of the disproportionate number of multiple births occuring form IVF and GIFT children born in this manner were more likely to be preterm, underweight, stillborn and there was a higher rate of infant mortality among these babies.
418. Medical Research International TAFSSIG. In vitro fertilization/ embryo transfer in the United States: 1985 and 1986 results from the National IVF/ET Registry. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;49(2):212-5.
IVF, ET, USA, records, practice, pregnancy rates, GIFT, medical aspects, women, interests of child, cryopreservation, egg donation, DI: IVF, ET, USA, records, practice, pregnancy rates, GIFT, medical aspects, women, interests of child, cryopreservation, egg donation, DI.
This paper reports the success rates of IVF/ ET and GIFT programmes in the USA in 1985-6.
419. Meerabeau E. Parents in Waiting: The Experience of Subfertile Couples: London; 1989.
420. Meira AR. Artificial Fertility: A New Ethical Approach in Brazil. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;50(3):535-6.
Brazil, ethics, doctors, consent, couples, assisted reproduction, single women, practice: Brazil, ethics, doctors, consent, couples, assisted reproduction, single women, practice.
This letter reports on the new code of practice in relation to ARTs in Brazil. It only requires that recipient consent be given for procedures and it makes no mention of restrictions on who can receive ARTs.421. Melia K. Whose morals are they, anyway? Nursing Times. 1987;83(21):44-6.
nurses, ethics, health professionals, social attitudes, abortion, doctors, surrogacy, society: nurses, ethics, health professionals, social attitudes, abortion, doctors, surrogacy, society.
This paper looks at the issues that arise when health professionals personal ethics conflict with those of their profession and with those of society. Looks at issues of abortion and surrogacy.
422. Mendelsohn T. Joy to the World? or is it more like Anguish and Despair for Women and Children Involved in the New Reproductive Technologies. Presented at the 20th Biennial National Conference of the Australian Association of Social Workers Ltd.; Perth; 1987.
assisted reproduction, women, interests of child, medicalisation, Australia, embryos, technology, social attitudes, doctors, surrogacy, IVF, society, couples, rights, eugenics, openness, semen donors, infertility, feminsim, adoption, policy, records, anonymity, egg donors: assisted reproduction, women, interests of child, medicalisation, Australia, embryos, technology, social attitudes, doctors, surrogacy, IVF, society, couples, rights, eugenics, openness, semen donors, infertility, feminsim, adoption, policy, records, anonymity, egg donors.
This is a general discussion of ARTs in an Australian environment. Describes ARTs and looks at the dangers for women and children inherent in them. Favours openness and calls for community discussion of issues.
423. Merrick JC. Selling Reproductive Rights: Policy Issues in Surrogate Motherhood. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):161-72.
surrogacy, contracts, law, policy, commercialisation, motherhood: surrogacy, contracts, law, policy, commercialisation, motherhood.
in library.
424. Mettler L, Michelmann HW. In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology. 1986;10:111-5.
IVF, ET, medical aspects, selection, age, ethics: IVF, ET, medical aspects, selection, age, ethics.
This study of 42 IVF treaments looks at ethical and selection issues, but is mainly concerned with medical issues.
425. Miall C. Reproductive Technology vs. the Stigma of Involuntary Childlessness. Social Casework. 1989;70(January):43-50.
infertility, stigma, society, women, DI, surrogacy, adoption, social workers, gender, sexuality, social attitudes, parenthood, motherhood, records, identity, blood bond, counselling, psychosocial: infertility, stigma, society, women, DI, surrogacy, adoption, social workers, gender, sexuality, social attitudes, parenthood, motherhood, records, identity, blood bond, counselling, psychosocial.
This study of infertile women found that they defined infertility as negative and stigmatising, had a strong commitment to motherhood, strongly identified motherhood as important for women in western society, strongly supported the availablility of DI and surrogacy, expressed satisfaction about adoption but regret about the inability to experience pregnancy, experienced discomfort in regard to the idea of adoptive birth reunions. These finding are discussed in societal context and inplications are drawn out for social workers.
426. Miall CE. Authenticity and the Disclosure of Information Preserve: The Case of Adoptive Parenthood. Qualitative Sociology. 1989;12(3Fall):279-302.
infertile women, adoptive mother,adopted children, stigma,: infertile women, adoptive mother,adopted children, stigma,.
This paper explores the processes whereby people disclose information that is potentially stigmatising but relatively inaccessible to others as a tactic to maintain personal authenticity. Seventy one infertile women with adopted children were analysed, through open ended interview, on how they manage information about adoption within and outside the family. Adoptive mothers acknowledged the difference in public, but continued to reject the difference covertly through deviance disavowal and normalisation.
427. Michael M, Buckle S. Screening for genetic disorders: therapeutic abortion and IVF. Journal of medical ethics. 1990;16:43-7.
IVF, abortion, genetic screening, ethics, embryos, couples, disability, women, pregnancy, ET, sex selection, medical aspects: IVF, abortion, genetic screening, ethics, embryos, couples, disability, women, pregnancy, ET, sex selection, medical aspects.
This paper outlines a procedure for using IVF with couples likely to produce offspring with genetic diseases. This is proposed as a way of reducing the incidence of therapeutic abortions. The ethics of this are discussed.
428. Michaelson KL. Childbirth in America. Anthropological Perspectives. South Hadley, USA: Bergin and Garvey publishers Inc.; 1988.
429. Michelow MC, Bernstein J, Jacobson MJ, et al. Mother-Daughter in Vitro Fertilization Triplet Surrogate Pregnancy. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1988;5(1):31-4.
surrogacy, motherhood, family, IVF, medical aspects, post menopausal, pregnancy, egg donation, known donors, known surrogates, drugs, multiple pregnancy, law, South Africa, telling the child: surrogacy, motherhood, family, IVF, medical aspects, post menopausal, pregnancy, egg donation, known donors, known surrogates, drugs, multiple pregnancy, law, South Africa, telling the child.
This paper briefly describes and outlines the situation described in the title. Looks briefly at legal and psychosocial issues associated with this.
430. Mies M. Sexist and Racist Implications of New Reproductive Technologies. Alternatives. 1987;12:323-42.
feminism, racism, class, poverty, assisted reproduction, IVF, contraception, sterilisation, women, doctors, medicalsition, technology, scientists, Third World, commodification, commercialisation, history, disability, genetic engineering, genetics, eugenics, economics, USA, Germany, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, ethics, rights, reproductive rights, law, motherhood, China, sex selection, abortion, France, Australia: feminism, racism, class, poverty, assisted reproduction, IVF, contraception, sterilisation, women, doctors, medicalsition, technology, scientists, Third World, commodification, commercialisation, history, disability, genetic engineering, genetics, eugenics, economics, USA, Germany, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, ethics, rights, reproductive rights, law, motherhood, China, sex selection, abortion, France, Australia.
This paper outlines the exploitative nature of Western science, and medicine and their role in reducing women and their body parts to commodities. It chronicles the use of economic coercion of women in the Third world by medical companies, states and economic organisations like the World Bank to get them to accept sterilsation and contaceptives. It links these practices to the eugenics movement the use of ARTs in the First world. Also discusses sex selection.431. Milden R. Infertility and the New Reproductive Technologies Speculations from a Psychodynamic Perspective. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
psychosocial, IVF, female infertility, coping skills, grief, process: psychosocial, IVF, female infertility, coping skills, grief, process.
This article looks from a psychological point of view at the emotional process that infertile women go through upon discovering their infertile and as they utilise various ART's (particularly IVF) as a response to their infertility. It outlines the literature in the area. It argues that the optimism of women coming to utilise IVF is often a 'flip-side' of the despair they felt when first diagnioosed infertile and that continuing technological advances in this area may make it hard for some to actually to deal with the grief associated with their infertility.
432. Milne BJ. Couples' Experiences with In Vitro Fertilization. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. 1988(September/October):347-52.
IVF, couples, nurses, stress, psychosocial, infertility, social attitudes, social support, health professionals, doctors, practice, economics, men, women, counselling: IVF, couples, nurses, stress, psychosocial, infertility, social attitudes, social support, health professionals, doctors, practice, economics, men, women, counselling.
This study of couples emotional reaction to going through IVF reports on couples feelings of distress, and their perceptions of the positive and negative aspects of the procedure. Outlines implications for nursing practice.
433. Mitchell P. The 'fathers' who will never see their children. New Zealand Womans' Weekly; 1990.
434. Moghissi KR. Reflections on the new guidelines for the use of semen donor insemination. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(3):399-400.
cryopreservation, DI, economics, medical aspects, semen donors,
STDs, women, doctors, USA, guideline, HIV, legislation: cryopreservation, DI, economics, medical aspects, semen donors,
STDs, women, doctors, USA, guideline, HIV, legislation.
This paper applauds the retention of the quarantine limit on cryopreserved sperm, in regard to protecting women from HIV.
435. Monteiro E, Spencer RC, Barratt CLR, Cooke S, Cooke ID. Sexually transmitted disease in potential semen donors. British Medical Journal. 1987;295(15 Aug):418.
semen donors, screening, demographic, STDs, HIV, UK, medical aspects: semen donors, screening, demographic, STDs, HIV, UK, medical aspects.
A study of urethral and secological evidence of infection in a group of potential semen donors.
436. Morgan C. New Australian law on embryos still confuses researches. Nature. 1987;325(15 January):185.
law, Australia, IVF, embryos, research, legislation, doctors, scientists, medical aspects: law, Australia, IVF, embryos, research, legislation, doctors, scientists, medical aspects.
This piece notes the position of the new Victorian legislation in Australia that research can not be conducted on embryos after 20 hrs from conception. Notes negative reaction to this from scientists and outlines stages of the development of embryos.
437. Morgan C. Liberal stance on embryo experiments. Nature. 1988;334(25 August):640.
law, Australia, IVF, embryos, research: law, Australia, IVF, embryos, research.
This piece notes the advice of the New South Wales Law Reform Commission that embryos should be allowed to have research conducted upon them up to 14 days.
438. Morgan D. Surrogacy: An Introductory Essay. In: Lee R, Morgan D, eds. Birthrights: Law and Ethics at the Beginnings of Life; 1989.
surrogacy, family, ethics, poverty, law, ET, DI, pregnancy, economics, known donors, payment, commercialisation, UK, USA, history, social attitudes, interests of child, psychological, surrogates, motherhood, contracts, parenthood, infertility, assisted reproduction: surrogacy, family, ethics, poverty, law, ET, DI, pregnancy, economics, known donors, payment, commercialisation, UK, USA, history, social attitudes, interests of child, psychological, surrogates, motherhood, contracts, parenthood, infertility, assisted reproduction.
This article outlines the issues in surrogacy for couples, offspring and surrogates. Looks at reasons for its continuance, attitudes towardsit difficulties with it etc.. Concludes in favour of it.
439. Morgan L. Call to identify genetic fathers to offspring. 'Legal fictions' now over parentage. Evening Post. Wellington; 1990.
440. Morin NC. Congenital malformations and psuchosocial development in childtren conceived by in vitro fertilization. Journal of Pediatrics. 1989;115(2):222-7.
disability, IVF, child development, psychosocail, parenthood, class, psychological, family: disability, IVF, child development, psychosocail, parenthood, class, psychological, family.
This study of IVF and non-IVF children's development found that the IVF children were developing at a slightly faster rate than the non-IVF children and that this was probably due to the 'wantedness' of the IVF children and the higher socio-econmic status of their families.441. Mosher W. Infertility. Why Business is Booming. American Demographics. 1987;9(July):42-3.
infertility, contraception, USA, ethnicity, class, education, social attitudes, couples, adoption, assisted reproduction: infertility, contraception, USA, ethnicity, class, education, social attitudes, couples, adoption, assisted reproduction.
This summary of US infertility statistics notes that primary infertility is rising, and secondary infertility is falling. It suggests reasons for this. Notes that the demand for infertility treatment is increasing and also suggessts reasons for this.
442. Mosher WD. Fecundity and Infertility in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 1988;78:181-2.
infertility, fertility, demographics, USA: infertility, fertility, demographics, USA.
not seen, interperetations of USA demographic data in relation to infertility. See Mosher 1987, Reading 1991.
443. Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and Infertility in the United States, 1965-1988: National Center for Health Statistics; 1990.
444. Mullens A. Missed Comceptions - Overcoming Infertility.: McGraw-Hill-Ryerson; 1990.
infertility, couples, psychosocial, process: infertility, couples, psychosocial, process.
not seen, see IVF Coordinators... 1992.
445. Munro JM, Ironside W, Smith GC. Psychiatric Morbidity in Parents of Twins Born After in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Techniques. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1990;7(6):332-6.
parenthood, IVF, multiple pregnancy, psychological, psychosocial, treatment, UK, Australia, couples: parenthood, IVF, multiple pregnancy, psychological, psychosocial, treatment, UK, Australia, couples.
This study of parents of twins who conceived with and without IVF both in UK and Australia. Finds little differences in terms of psychology of the two groups.
446. Murray TH. Gifts of the Body and the Needs of Strangers. Hastings Center Report. 1987;17(2):30-38.
gift, biomedicine, theory, ethics, altruism, blood, organs, social values: gift, biomedicine, theory, ethics, altruism, blood, organs, social values.
Relationships governed by markets keep moral and social dimensions to a bare minimum. Gifts, by their open-endedness, defy such minimalisation. Impersonal gifts, such as blood or body parts or charity may not regulate relationships between specific individuals, buth they serve other functions by regulating larger relationships and honoring important human values, precisely those threatened by massive and impersonal bureaucracies.
447. Mushin D, Spensley J, Barreda-Hanson M. In Vitro Fertrilization Children: Early Psychosocial Development. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. 1986;3(4):247-52.
interests of child, IVF, child development, parenthood, psychosocial, psychological, family, couples, social attitudes, medical aspects, DI, egg donation, practice: interests of child, IVF, child development, parenthood, psychosocial, psychological, family, couples, social attitudes, medical aspects, DI, egg donation, practice.
This study of the development of young children born as the result of IVF overall found no abnornal development patterns. It was found however that there were a disproportionate no. of low birth weight offspring and of twins in this group.
448. Myers MF. Male Gender-Related Issues in Reproduction and Technology. In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology. Washington, USA: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.
men, male infertility, stress, couples, gender, counselling, process, coping skills, religion, social attitudes: men, male infertility, stress, couples, gender, counselling, process, coping skills, religion, social attitudes.
This paper looks at male responses to infertility, in relation to traditional social norms and pressures, sex roles, and his relationship to his wife.
449. National Bioethics Consultative Committee. Issues Paper on Infertility Counselling. Australia: N.B.C.C.; 1990.
450. Neuberger J. Tug of love troubles. Nursing Times. 1987(April 22):22.
surrogacy, law, family, parenthood, UK, feminism, class, rights: surrogacy, law, family, parenthood, UK, feminism, class, rights.
This piece outlines the Baby M case and argues for surrogacy on the grounds that just because it can go wrong this does not mean it should be prohibited.451. Neuman Y. Lesbian Mothers and Donor Insemination. Broadsheet. 1987(May):7-8.
lesbian, motherhood, DI, law, NZ, legislation, paternity, family, couples, rights, economics, lawyers, social attitudes, homosexuality: lesbian, motherhood, DI, law, NZ, legislation, paternity, family, couples, rights, economics, lawyers, social attitudes, homosexuality.
This piece reports on the submission by the Lesbian Mothers Defence Fund to the select Committee regarding the 1987
Status of Children Ammendment Act. This submission called for the recognition of the legitimacy of lesbian families. Reports on the reaction to this submission.
452. New South Wales. Family Law. Australia-New South Wales. Commonwealth Law Bulletin. 1989;January 1989:167-72.
law, legislation, Australia, surrogacy, IVF, ethics, regulation, policy, records, secrecy, openness, embryos, research, parenthood: law, legislation, Australia, surrogacy, IVF, ethics, regulation, policy, records, secrecy, openness, embryos, research, parenthood.
This paper lists the previous New South Wales Law Reform Commisions reports etc. It describes the current papers on surrogacy and IVF, It notes in detail the recommendations of this second paper: the establishment of the NSW Biomedical Council, practice issues, ethics, embryo research, recordkeeping, secrecy issues and paternity.
453. New York State Task force on Life and the Law. Surrogate parenting: analysis and recommendations for public policy.: New York State; 1988.
454. New Zealand Government. Status of Children Ammendment Act. Wellington: Government Printer; 1987.
455. Newton CR, Hearn MT, Yuzpe AA. Psychological assessment and follow-up after in vitro fertilization: assessing the impact of failure. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;54(5):879-85.
IVF, process, stress, gender, counselling, psychological, infertility, psychosocial, social support, coping skills: IVF, process, stress, gender, counselling, psychological, infertility, psychosocial, social support, coping skills.
This study of 947 women and 889 of their male partners who were involved in an IVF programme found that there were differences between men and women in terms of risk of stress and in the ways they coped with infertility and IVF failure. Women seeking more social support, while men becoming more involved in work and other achievement based activities. Women without children became distressed to a greater extent upon the failure of IVF than other groups.
456. Nijs P, Steeno O, Steppe A. Evaluation of AID donors: Medical and psychological aspects. A preliminary report. In: David G, Price WS, eds. Human artificial insemination and semen preservation. New York: Plenum; 1986.
semen donors, partner, demographics, Belgium characteristics, motivation, screening, psychosocial, recruitment, decision to donate, altruism, gift, anonymity, payment, informed consent, maturity, psychological indications and contra-indications, medical aspects: semen donors, partner, demographics, Belgium characteristics, motivation, screening, psychosocial, recruitment, decision to donate, altruism, gift, anonymity, payment, informed consent, maturity, psychological indications and contra-indications, medical aspects.
Paper outlines a preliminary report of the psycho-pathological evaluation of 27 donors. Results presented and then recommendations made regarding the positive and negative psychological indications. Where donors were married, both donor and wife were interviewed.
457. Noble E. Coming to Terms with Male Infertility. In: Noble E, ed. Having Your Baby by donor Insemination: A Complete Resource Guide. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company; 1987.
male infertility, stigma, couples, stress, fatherhood, adult development, anonymity, psychological , psychosocial, process, counselling, social support: male infertility, stigma, couples, stress, fatherhood, adult development, anonymity, psychological , psychosocial, process, counselling, social support.
This chapter outlines the issues which tend to occur for men when faced with male infertility and the process of grieving that they and their partners tend to go through in responding to this situaion. Also looks at counselling and social support issues.
458. Norman C. IVF Research Moratorium to End? Science. 1988;241(4864):405-6.
IVF, embryos, research, USA, ethics, social attitudes: IVF, embryos, research, USA, ethics, social attitudes.
This piece discusses a possible end to the impasse over getting permission to do embryo research in the staff brought on by the disbanding of the committee required to give permission for this research to occur.
459. Novaes S. Giving, Receiving, Repaying: Gamete Donors and Donor Policies in Reproductive Medicine. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 1989;5:639-657.
semen donors, DI, IVF, gift, policy, recipients, kinship, psychosocial, egg donors: semen donors, DI, IVF, gift, policy, recipients, kinship, psychosocial, egg donors.
Analyses current donor recruitment in the light of Marcel Mauss' essay on the gift. Donor policies seem primarily designed to spare infertile recipients the obligation to recognize the donor's contribution, thus avoiding the kinship issues that they raise. Questions relating meaning of donation, social recognition of donors' role and clarification of the kinship issues are essential in order to establish the social legitemacy of fertilisation procedures using donated gametes.
460. Nyambi D. The determinants of the acceptability of artificial donor insemination (AID) in Cameroon: A Comparison of infertile and fertile couples: University of Yaounde; 1989.461. O'Donovan K. A Right to Know One's Parentage. International Journal of Law and the Family. 1988;2:27-45.
rights, parenthood, policy, legislation, identity, telling the child, assisted reproduction, psychological, semen donors, egg donors, secrecy, openness, anonymity, interests of child, psychological, family, blood bond, couples, doctors: rights, parenthood, policy, legislation, identity, telling the child, assisted reproduction, psychological, semen donors, egg donors, secrecy, openness, anonymity, interests of child, psychological, family, blood bond, couples, doctors.
This paper looks at whether in general one should have a right to knowledge about genetic parentage. It looks at the importance of identity in relation to this, and the arguments for and against openness in adoption and gamete donation situations.
462. O'Donovan K. 'What shall we tell the Children?' Reflections on Children's Perspectives and the Reproductive Revolution. In: Lee R, Morgan D, eds. Birthrights: Law and Ethics at the Beginnings of Life; 1989.
law, ethics, telling the child, assisted reproduction, family, secrecy, openness, identity, adoption, egg donation, DI, family, anonymity, blood bond, feminism, surrogacy, social attitudes, stigma,: law, ethics, telling the child, assisted reproduction, family, secrecy, openness, identity, adoption, egg donation, DI, family, anonymity, blood bond, feminism, surrogacy, social attitudes, stigma,.
This paper looks at the impact of gamete donation in ARTs for the offspring. It explores the notion of identity and how this relates to that of blood bond, and the degree to which both these ideas are socially contructed. Draws on the experience of adoption.
463. Oakley A. Is social support good for the health of mothers and babies? Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1988;6(1):3-21.
social support, women, pregnancy, class, stress, doctors, medicalisation, interests of child, UK, psychological, psychosocial, methods, motherhood: social support, women, pregnancy, class, stress, doctors, medicalisation, interests of child, UK, psychological, psychosocial, methods, motherhood.
This paper outlines the theory about social support and reviews articles looking at the effect of social support on pregnant women and their resultant offspring. Also looks at the problems associated with the medicalisation of childbirth. Concludes that there are methodological problems in this area but that generally social support is good for the health of mothers and babies.
464. Oakley A, Rajan L. Obstetric Technology and Maternal Emotional Well-being: a Further Research Note. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1990;8(1):45-55.
women, pregnancy, doctors, medicalisation, psychosocial, psychological, social support, technology, motherhood, practice: women, pregnancy, doctors, medicalisation, psychosocial, psychological, social support, technology, motherhood, practice.
This paper looks at the relationship between the use of obstetric technology and the emotional state of mothers. Finds some evidence for such a relationship but notes methodological concerns.
465. Office of Technology Assessment USA. Appendix E. International Developments. Infertility: Medical and Social choices. Washington, USA: US Government Printing Office; 1988.
legal, law, legislation, DI, egg donoation, IVF, research, embryos, surrogacy: legal, law, legislation, DI, egg donoation, IVF, research, embryos, surrogacy.
This appendix outlines the roles of various international organisations in assisted reproduction, and the legislation and developments in 33 countries.
466. Office of Technology Assessment UC. Artificial Insemination practice in the United States. Summary of the 1987 Survey. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.; 1988.
467. Office of Technology Assessment. U.S.A. Infertility: Medical and Social Choices. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1988.
USA, infertility, assisted reproduction, guideline, regulation, ethics, law, standards, social attitudes: USA, infertility, assisted reproduction, guideline, regulation, ethics, law, standards, social attitudes.
This report summarises the situation with regard to infertility and assisted reproduction in the US and outlines options for congressional action. In doing this it covers, the demographics, causes and treatment of infertility, quality issues, and ethical, constitutional and legal considerations.
468. Oke K, Wood J. The role of the social worker and nurse practitioner in infertility care. In: Peperell RJ, Hudson B, Wood C, eds. The Infertile Couple. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston; 1987.
infertility, IVF, DI, social workers, nurses, adoption, sexuality, psychosocial, stress, couples, doctors, counselling, selection: infertility, IVF, DI, social workers, nurses, adoption, sexuality, psychosocial, stress, couples, doctors, counselling, selection.
This paper discusses the role that social workers and nurses can play in working with couples undergoing IVF, DI and adoption proceedings, and the relationships between these two roles and that of doctors.
469. Okin SM. A Critique of Pregnancy Contracts: Comments on Articles by Hill, Merrick, Shevory, and Woliver. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):205-10.
surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction: surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction.
in library.
470. Olshansky EF. Responses to High Technology Infertility Treatment. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 1988;20(3, Fall):128-31.
IVF, DI, couples, nurses, health professionals, assisted reproduction, infertility, sexuality, economics, methods, psychological, stress: IVF, DI, couples, nurses, health professionals, assisted reproduction, infertility, sexuality, economics, methods, psychological, stress.
This paper compares 7 couples who undertook high technology ART's with 47 infertile couples who did not. It looks at particular features characterising the couples, which included issues of finance, exuality, driveness, difficulty stopping treatment and 'getting on with life' and marital conflict. Concludes that health professionals should redefine success in such situations away from exclusively achieving a pregnancy.471. Osheron S. Finding Our Fathers. New York: Free Press; 1986.
fatherhood, offspring, assisted reproduction, family: fatherhood, offspring, assisted reproduction, family.
not seen.
472. Overall C. Infertility, Children, and Artificial Reproduction/ Reproductive Rights and Access to the Means of Reproduction. In: Overall C, ed. Ethics and Human Reproduction. A Feminist Analysis. Winchester, USA: Allen and Unwin Inc.; 1987.
infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive rights, access, feminism, technology, DI, IVF, social attitudes, couples, disability, women, single women, men, technology, scientists, parenthood, interests of child, blood bond, surrogacy, DI, egg donation, family, rights, ethics, law, USA, selection, sexuality, lesbian, fatherhood, motherhood, doctors, consent, surrogacy: infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive rights, access, feminism, technology, DI, IVF, social attitudes, couples, disability, women, single women, men, technology, scientists, parenthood, interests of child, blood bond, surrogacy, DI, egg donation, family, rights, ethics, law, USA, selection, sexuality, lesbian, fatherhood, motherhood, doctors, consent, surrogacy.
Chapter 7 looks at infertility and the desire for children in its social context and the role doctors and scientists have increasingly come to take in ARTs. Chapter 8 looks at the issues around the right to reproduce, issues of consent of partners for reproductive treatments, and issues of access to reproductive treatments particularly by single women and lesbians.
473. Overvold AZ. Surrogate Parenting. New York: Pharos Books; 1988.
surrogacy, surrogates, parenthood, medical aspects, ethics, law, social attitudes, adoption, couples infertility, clinics, doctors, psychosocial, stress, treatmentmotivation, anonymity, Catholic, contracts, counselling, family, interests of child, payment, USA, support groups, known surrogates, screening, surrogate's partner, policy regulation, practice: surrogacy, surrogates, parenthood, medical aspects, ethics, law, social attitudes, adoption, couples infertility, clinics, doctors, psychosocial, stress, treatmentmotivation, anonymity, Catholic, contracts, counselling, family, interests of child, payment, USA, support groups, known surrogates, screening, surrogate's partner, policy regulation, practice.
This paper outlines the situation regarding surrogacy in the USA. Lokks at issues from the viewpoint of clinics, couples and surrogates and discusses clinic policy, ethical and regulatory issues.
474. Owens D. The Desire to Father: A Sociological Study of Involuntary Childlessness: University College, Cardiff; 1986.
475. Page H. Estimation of the prevalence and the incidence of infertility in a population: a pilot study. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;51(4):571-7.
infertility, UK, methods, women, pregnancy, policy: infertility, UK, methods, women, pregnancy, policy.
This report on a pilot study of women aged 20-44 in the UK, found that there was a 5.9% incidence of primary infertility and a 7.2% incidence of secondary infertility. Also it found that 28% of women had experienced infertility at some point. It discusses methodolgical issues, and looks at the actual and potential demand for infertility services in the area studied.
476. Pakizegi B. Emerging Family Forms: Single Mothers by Choice - Demographic and Psychosocial Variables. Maternal- Child Nursing Journal. 1990;19(1):1-19.
single women, family, social attitudes, doctors, psychosocial, social support, USA, adoption, DI, anonymity, secrecy, screening, counselling, policy, semen donors: single women, family, social attitudes, doctors, psychosocial, social support, USA, adoption, DI, anonymity, secrecy, screening, counselling, policy, semen donors.
This article looks at the rise in the number of women choosing to be single mothers. It looks at the socio-historical background to this and the demographic characteristics of these women. It looks at ways of becoming a single mother, biological and adoptive. It looks at anonymity in relation to DI. It looks at the social support available to these women and societal attitudes towards them. It looks at the implications of the existence of this group of women for medical practices, and advocates the employment of mental health practitioners, the removal of secrecy in relation to DI and certain screening procedures.
477. Pantesco V. Nonorganic Infertility: Some Research and Treatment Problems. Psychological Reports. 1986;58:731-7.
infertility, methods, couples, psychological, women, men, medical aspects, history: infertility, methods, couples, psychological, women, men, medical aspects, history.
This paper outlines the problems with research into the psychological components of infertility over a 46 year period.
478. Paul J. Attitudes of Parents of Children Conceived by Artificial Insemination by Donor; 1986.
479. Paul J, Durna E. Attitudes of Sperm Donors. Presented at the The Fertility Society of Australia Annual Conference 1987.
semen donors, attitudes, records, secrecy, social attitudes, lesbian, single women, couples, DI, interests of child, psychosocial, Australia, motivation: semen donors, attitudes, records, secrecy, social attitudes, lesbian, single women, couples, DI, interests of child, psychosocial, Australia, motivation.
This study of 34 Australian donors looks at their motivations, their attitudes to secrecy, the service they recieved as donors, their attitudes about who should receive their semen and the amount of interest they had in the offspring and couples. Donors were generally older, professional, altruistically motivated, interested in the outcome of their donation and prepared to have contact with offspring. Most were opposed to their semen being used by lesbians and single women.
480. Paul J, Spencer M. How I began: the story of donor insemination: New South Wales Infertility Social Workders Group: Fertility Society of Australia; 1988.
infertility, donor insemination, education, offspring: infertility, donor insemination, education, offspring.
not seen: on Ken's shelf.481. Paulson JD, Haarmann BS, Salerno RL, Asmar P. An investigation of the relationship between emotional maladjustment and infertility. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;49(2):258-62.
female infertility, women, stress, psychological, support groups, counselling,: female infertility, women, stress, psychological, support groups, counselling,.
This study of 150 fertile women and 50 presumed fertile women found that the infertile women were no more maladjusted than the other women. They also conclude that stress does not cause infertility and draw out implications for counselling and support groups.
482. Payne VL. The Regulation of Surrogate Motherhood. Family law. 1987;17:178-80.
law, surrogacy, prohibition, advertising., payment, surrogates, couples, legislation, UK, regulation, women, abortion, family: law, surrogacy, prohibition, advertising., payment, surrogates, couples, legislation, UK, regulation, women, abortion, family.
This paper looks at legal issues in surrogacy and the Surrogacy Arrangements Act in the UK. Makes an argument for regulation of rather than prohibition of surrogacy.
483. Pepperell RJ, Hudson B, Wood C. The Infertile Couple. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1987.
484. Pepperell RJ. Modern reproductive technologies in the treatment of infertility. The Medical Journal of Australia. 1990;153(August 20):177-8.
IVF, infertility, technologids, medical asptects, GIFT, embryos, cryopreservation, egg donation, Australia,: IVF, infertility, technologids, medical asptects, GIFT, embryos, cryopreservation, egg donation, Australia,.
This piece outlines recent advances in ARTs: IVF, GIFT, embryo freezing etc.
485. Perloe M, Christie LG. Death of a Dream: When Pregnancy Doesn't Work. In: Perloe M, Christie LG, eds. Miracle Babies and Other Happy Endings for Couples with Fertility Problems; 1986.
pregnancy, couples, doctors, psychosocial, stress, miscarriage, infertility, medical aspects, stress,: pregnancy, couples, doctors, psychosocial, stress, miscarriage, infertility, medical aspects, stress,.
This paper looks at miscarriages and the medical reasons for them. It also looks at the stress for those undergoing them.
486. Pfeffer N. Artificial Insemination, In-vitro Fertilization and the Stigma of Infertility. In: Stanworth M, ed. Reproductive Technologies: Gender, Motherhood and Medicine. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press; 1987.
DI, IVF, stigma, infertility, history, social attitudes, ethics, stress, psychological, doctors, couples, treatment, scientists, medicalisation, UK, paternity, family, surrogacy, commericalisation, Catholic: DI, IVF, stigma, infertility, history, social attitudes, ethics, stress, psychological, doctors, couples, treatment, scientists, medicalisation, UK, paternity, family, surrogacy, commericalisation, Catholic.
This paper looks at the development of attitudes to DI and IVF in the UK, and the influence of doctors, scientists upon this. Discusses the Warnock report and legal and ethical issues.
487. Phillips JM. The Socio-legal Aspects of Reproductive Medicine. In: Iikuza R, Semm K, eds. Human Reproduction. Current status / Future prospect: Elsevier Science Publications; 1988.
couples, doctors, technology, legislation, social attitudes, law, assisted reproduction, DI, IVF, sex selection, culture, ethics, DI, genetic engineering, France, Israel, The Netherlands, UK, Japan, Australia, Poland, Spain, Canada, Italy, religion, Judaism, Catholicism, USA: couples, doctors, technology, legislation, social attitudes, law, assisted reproduction, DI, IVF, sex selection, culture, ethics, DI, genetic engineering, France, Israel, The Netherlands, UK, Japan, Australia, Poland, Spain, Canada, Italy, religion, Judaism, Catholicism, USA.
This paper summarises developments in ARTs and the legal and social responses to these from around the world. Provides many country specific references.
488. Pines D. Emotional Aspects of Infertility and its Remedies. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1990;71:561-8.
infertility, couples, sexuality, psychological, adult development, stress, counselling, parenthood: infertility, couples, sexuality, psychological, adult development, stress, counselling, parenthood.
This paper looks at the stress of infertility from a psychoanalytic viewpoint, seeing at something which interupts the adult developmental process. Addresses issues of parenthood and sexuality and presents two case studies.
489. Pinker G. Ethics and Reproduction. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;30(4):281-5.
ethics, religion, law, UK, legislation, assisted reproduction, contraception, social attitudes, sterilisation, abortion, doctors, IVF, multiple pregnancy, cryopreservation, counselling, embryos, research, motherhood, consent, licensing: ethics, religion, law, UK, legislation, assisted reproduction, contraception, social attitudes, sterilisation, abortion, doctors, IVF, multiple pregnancy, cryopreservation, counselling, embryos, research, motherhood, consent, licensing.
This paper gives a general overview of mainly ethical aspects of various reproduction issues in a UK context. Headings are: medical ethics, contraception, sterilization, aborition, In vitro fertilization, selective reduction, selective termination or feticide, Voluntary Licensing authority and Research.
490. Plumridge D, Burns J, Fisher NL. ASHG Activities Relative to Education. Hereditary and Adoption: A Survey of State Adoption Agencies. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1990;46:208-14.
adoption, law, records, legislation, counselling, practice, social workers: adoption, law, records, legislation, counselling, practice, social workers.
This paper reports on a survey of adoption agencies which looks at tattitudes to and practice of the collection of genetic information about adopted offspring.491. Poland ML. Effect of Stress on Semen Quality in Semen Donors. International Journal of Fertility. 1986; 31(3):229-31.
semen donors, stress, sperm quality, psychological, medical aspects: semen donors, stress, sperm quality, psychological, medical aspects.
This study of 2 semen donors groups, students subjected to exam stress and nonstudents without this stress found that semen quality increased in times of stress for the students. Various reasons for this are discussed.
492. Polkinghorne JCoPcrtUp. Review of the guidance on the research use of fetuses and fetal material.: UK Parliament; 1989.
493. Posner RA. The ethics and economis of enforcing contracts of surrogate motherhood. In: Dickens BM, ed. Medicine and the Law. Dartmouth, Aldershot, UK: B M Dickens; 1989.
surrogate motherhood, contract, enforceability.: surrogate motherhood, contract, enforceability.
The author discusses the enforceability of surrogacy contracts, criticising the feminists approaches to surrogacy as female exploitation, discusses the voluntary aspects of surrogacy as inexistent, the benefits as giving life to a child, with genetic continuity, and defends
surrogacy as an economic activity available for women. He also criticises the idea of baby selling, commenting that the surrogate mother no more 'own ' the baby than the father does.
494. Poteet GW. Artificial Insemination by Donor: Problems and Issues. Health Care for Women International. 1986;7:391-9.
DI, law, screening, records, family, secrecy, nurses, practice, cryopreservation, socisal attitudes, USA, commercialisation, sperm banks, medical aspects, payment, paternity, telling the child: DI, law, screening, records, family, secrecy, nurses, practice, cryopreservation, socisal attitudes, USA, commercialisation, sperm banks, medical aspects, payment, paternity, telling the child.
This paper provides a general overview of DI for nurses. It describes how DI is done, and the extent of its use. It raises issues of donor screening, record keeping and telling offspring about DI.
495. Pouncy CL, Jr. RVH. The Status of the Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization in 1985. Forensic Science International. 1986;30:127-33.
IVF, ethics, research, enbryos, surrogacy, cryopreservation, multiple pregnancy, policy, philosophy, payment, practice, technology: IVF, ethics, research, enbryos, surrogacy, cryopreservation, multiple pregnancy, policy, philosophy, payment, practice, technology.
This paper provides an overview of ethical and philosophical issues in IVF particularly as they relate to practice and policy concerns.
496. Power M, Baber R, Abdalla H, Kirkland A, Leonard T, Studd JWW. A comparison of the attitudes of volunteer donors and infertile patient donors on an ovum donation programme. Human Reproduction. 1990;5(3):352-5.
egg donors, egg donation, infertility, psychosocial, payment, known donors, openness, anonymity, motivation, semen donors, records: egg donors, egg donation, infertility, psychosocial, payment, known donors, openness, anonymity, motivation, semen donors, records.
This paper looks at the differences in attitudes of volunteer egg donors and donors donating in the course of their IVF treatment. All respondents agreed on no payment for the donation. More volunteer donors than IVF patient donors were prepared to have the recipients know their name, and a similar difference was observed in relation to whether donors wanted to know the outcome of their donation. These issues are discussed in relation to UK regulations in this area and in regard to issues of encouraging women to donate.
497. Powledge T. Reproductive Technologies and the Bottom Line. Embryos, Ethics and Women's Rights: Haworth Press Inc.; 1988.
assisted reproduction, commercialisation, ethics, IVF, USA, economics, women, pregnancy, pregnancy rates, clinics, advertising, sex selection, genetic engineering, technology: assisted reproduction, commercialisation, ethics, IVF, USA, economics, women, pregnancy, pregnancy rates, clinics, advertising, sex selection, genetic engineering, technology.
This piece looks at the dangers associated with leaving the marketplace to make decisions about the development of such areas as ARTs, sex selection and genetic engineering.
498. Price F. Establishing Guidelines: Regulation and the Clinical Management of Infertility. In: Lee R, Morgan D, eds. Birthrights: Law and Ethics at the Beginnings of Life; 1989.
guidelines, regulation, infertility, ethics, law, doctors, clinics, assisted reproduction, regulation, IVF, pregnancy rates, multiple pregnancy, ET, abortion, egg donation, known donors, family, social attitudes, UK, policy: guidelines, regulation, infertility, ethics, law, doctors, clinics, assisted reproduction, regulation, IVF, pregnancy rates, multiple pregnancy, ET, abortion, egg donation, known donors, family, social attitudes, UK, policy.
This paper looks at the guidelines set by the Voluntary Licensing Authority in the UK on issues such as limits on transferring embryos in IVF, use of known donors in egg donation, and selective reduction in multiple pregnancies. Looks at the conflict between doctors professional automnomy and the states role in implementing public policy concerns.
499. Pullen H, Smith J. Making Babies - A Complete Guide to Fertility and Infertility: Random House; 1990.
infertility, fertility, couples, psychosocial, medical aspects, assisted reproduction: infertility, fertility, couples, psychosocial, medical aspects, assisted reproduction.
not seen, see IVF Coordinators... 1992.
500. Ranki A, Krohn M, Allain JP, et al. Long Latency Precedes Overt Seroconversion in Sexually Transmitted Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Infection. The Lancet. 1987;2:589-93.
sexuality, HIV, medical aspects, men: sexuality, HIV, medical aspects, men.
A medical article about detecting HIV in heterosexual and homosexual men.501. Rapinet M. The Religious and Moral Dilemmas Posed by Scientific Developments in the Feild of Genetics: A Catholic Viewpoint. Medicine, Science and Law. 1988;28(3):256-8.
religion, ethics, science, Catholic, assisted reproduction, family, couples, research, family, embryos, IVF, surrogacy, technology, scientists: religion, ethics, science, Catholic, assisted reproduction, family, couples, research, family, embryos, IVF, surrogacy, technology, scientists.
This paper outlines a Catholic approach to issues of IVF, embryo research, surrogacy etc.
502. Rapp R. Moral Pioneers: Women, Men and Fetuses on a Frontier of Reproductive Technology. Women and Health. 1988;13(1-2):101-16.
genetic screening, sex selection, women, feminism, anthropology, USA, pregnancy, abortion, disability, rights, doctors, technicians, counsellors, counselling, medicalisation, scientists, social support, support groups, methods, social attutdes, culture, law, family, religion, economics, technology, gender, class, race, health professionals, policy, occupation, ethnicity, identity, reproductive rights: genetic screening, sex selection, women, feminism, anthropology, USA, pregnancy, abortion, disability, rights, doctors, technicians, counsellors, counselling, medicalisation, scientists, social support, support groups, methods, social attutdes, culture, law, family, religion, economics, technology, gender, class, race, health professionals, policy, occupation, ethnicity, identity, reproductive rights.
This paper is a preliminary description/report of an anthropological study of pregnant women undergoing genetic screening in New York. It discusses the effects of class, and ethnicity on the decision they make. It also looks at the culture, gender and employment situation within which the genetic counsellors operate, and the impact of the ideologies of family, medicine, science, individualism and patriachy on the situation.
503. Raval H, Slade P, Buck P, Lieberman BE. The Impact of Infertility on Emotions and the Marital and Sexual Relationship. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1987;5(4):221-34.
infertility, treatment, doctors, couples, psychosocial, sexuality, men, women, process, family, stress: infertility, treatment, doctors, couples, psychosocial, sexuality, men, women, process, family, stress.
This study of men and women undergoing infertility treatment reports their degree of marital problems; before during and after consultation and the correlations between various factors such as marital and sexual functions, depression, spending time with children etc. Draws conclusions about differing male and female responses and the effect of consultations and treatment on marital and sexual functioning and on stress levels.
504. Raymond CA. In Vitro Fertilization Faces 'R and R': (More)
Research and Regulation. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1988;260(9):1191-2.
IVF, pregnancy rates, USA, regulation, research, clinics, legislation: IVF, pregnancy rates, USA, regulation, research, clinics, legislation.
This paper reports on the situation with regard to funding and regulating IVF in the USA.
505. Raymond JG. Reproductive gifts and gift giving: the altruistic woman. Hastings Center Report. 1990;20(Nov/Dec):7-11.
gender, gift, altruism, commercialism, policy, law, surrogacy, gametes, donation, social attitudes: gender, gift, altruism, commercialism, policy, law, surrogacy, gametes, donation, social attitudes.
This article focusses on the differences between voluntary and commercial egg donation and surrogacy, and differences in social attitudes to male and female altruism and self-interest, and the altruism expected of different members of family groups. It looks at this in relation to public policy which often assumes that these sort of donations occur in a gender neutral context.
506. Reading AE, Chang LC, Kerin JF. Attitudes and anxiety levels in women conceiving through in vitro fertilization and gemete intrafallopian transfer. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(1):95-9.
IVF, GIFT, pregnancy, stress, women, age, psychological: IVF, GIFT, pregnancy, stress, women, age, psychological.
This study comparing women undergoing IVF or GIFT with pregnant women of advanced age found that the IVF-GIFT group were more concerned than other low-risk pregnancy groups, and had a greater emotional investment in the embryo.
507. Reading AE. IVF and decision making. JourJournal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989;10:107-12.
infertility, IVF, couples, stress, psychological, psychosocial: infertility, IVF, couples, stress, psychological, psychosocial.
not seen. See previous paperes and C. Dunkel-Schetter, 1991.
508. Reading AE, Chang LC, Kerin JF. Psychological State and Coping Styles Across IVF Treatment Cycle. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7:95-103.
psychological, IVF, female infertility, grief, stress, depression, process, coping skills: psychological, IVF, female infertility, grief, stress, depression, process, coping skills.
This article reports on a study of 37 women undergoing IVF treatment, and on a control group of 10 other women. It administered tests to determine psychological well being at 3 points in the IVF cycle and three comparable points in the cycle ofthe non-IVF women. Treatment result did not result in significant differences in psychological states. Feeling out of control and less able to cope with failure were associated withe greater distress post-treatment.
509. Reading AE, Chang LC, Kerin JF. Psychological changes over the course of IVF-ET. Journal of Reprodutive and Infant Psychology. 1989;7:95-103.
psychological, couples, women, process, IVF, ET, psychosocial, infertility: psychological, couples, women, process, IVF, ET, psychosocial, infertility.
not seen, see Reading 1991.
510. Reading AE. Donor Insemination Program Management. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(2):382.
DI, medical aspects, psychosocial, couples, practice: DI, medical aspects, psychosocial, couples, practice.
This letter questions the mixing of donor and husband sprerm on both medical and psychosocial grounds.511. Reame NE, Parker PJ. Surrogate pregnancy: Clinical features of forty-four cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;162:1220-5.
surrogacy, sutrrogates, pregnancy, medical aspects, psychosocial, stress, motivation, payment, class, couples, contracts, psychological: surrogacy, sutrrogates, pregnancy, medical aspects, psychosocial, stress, motivation, payment, class, couples, contracts, psychological.
This paper describes the pregnancy course and outcome for a group of surrogate mothers, including descriptions of the child and his/her health. Notes that there are periods of tension in the relationship between couples and surrogates, discusses the feelings of loss that some surrogates feel in handing over the child, notes that many of the surrogates smoked during the pregnancy and discusses the implications of the payment in this situation particularly in relation to the lower socio-economic class of the surrogates.
512. Reiker PP, Fitzgerald EM, Kalish LA. Adaptive Behavioural Reponses to Potential Infertility Among Survivors of Testis Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1990;8(2):347-55.
male infertility, men, psychosocial,family, stress, psychological, process, fatherhood, cryopreservation, adult development: male infertility, men, psychosocial,family, stress, psychological, process, fatherhood, cryopreservation, adult development.
This study of men suffering from cancer of the testis, looks at their reaction to infertility and at whether they cryopreserved their semen before certain potentially harmful procedures. Discusses male attitudes to having children at various points in the lifecycle.
513. Reznik F. Letter re: The Use of Donor Sperm in the Management of Male Infertility in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1989;29(2):183-4.
Australia, ethics, DI, telling the child, openness, semen donors, couples, adoption, doctors, counselling: Australia, ethics, DI, telling the child, openness, semen donors, couples, adoption, doctors, counselling.
This letter written in response to an earlier paper by Leeton et al. argues for couples to be open with their offspring about their DI conception.
514. Richard PB. Rights, Relationships, Class, and Gender: Issues in the Politics of Surrogacy Contracts. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):211-5.
surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction, rights, class, gender: surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction, rights, class, gender.
in library.
515. Rieker PP, Fitzgerald EM, Kalish LA, et al. Psychosocial Factors, Curative Therapies, and Behavioural Outcomes. A Comparison of Testis Cancer Survivors and a Control Group of Healthy Men. Cancer. 1989;64:2399-407.
male infertility, sexuality, men, psychosocial, psychological, stress, education, class, cryopreservation, family, counselling: male infertility, sexuality, men, psychosocial, psychological, stress, education, class, cryopreservation, family, counselling.
This study of men underegoing surgery for testiclular cancer which will render them infertile looks at the effect of this on their psychological state perticularly as this relates to issues of sexuality. Also looks at the incidence of sperm banking in this situation. Notes that counselling may be useful in some situations.
516. Robertson JA. Procreative Liberty and the State's Burden of Proof in Regulating Noncoital Reproduction. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):18-26.
reproductive rights, regulation, policy, assisted reproduction, family, parenthood, couples, embryos, research, rights, psychosocial, records, anonymity, openness, pregnancy rates, licensing, consent, paternity, posthumous, semen donors, egg donors, surrogates, commodification, prohibition, abortion: reproductive rights, regulation, policy, assisted reproduction, family, parenthood, couples, embryos, research, rights, psychosocial, records, anonymity, openness, pregnancy rates, licensing, consent, paternity, posthumous, semen donors, egg donors, surrogates, commodification, prohibition, abortion.
This paper looks at various particularly policy aspects of ARTs. It discusses surrogacy, payment, genetic linkages, information access etc. emphasising the primacy of infertile couples right to procreate and the requirement of the state to prove the harm of various procedures before legislating to prohibit these.
517. Robertson JA. Ethical and legal issues in human egg donation. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(3):353-63.
egg donors, ethics, law, policy, IVF, commercialisation, interests of child, family, psychosocial, blood bond, anonymity, USA, UK, Australia, telling the child, parenthood, known donors, prohibition, payment, recruitment, motivation, class, cryopreservation, research: egg donors, ethics, law, policy, IVF, commercialisation, interests of child, family, psychosocial, blood bond, anonymity, USA, UK, Australia, telling the child, parenthood, known donors, prohibition, payment, recruitment, motivation, class, cryopreservation, research.
This study provides a comprehensive overview of ethical, legal and policy issues in egg donation. It looks at motivation, commercialisation, freezing, research, known donor and anonymity issues.
518. Robinson A. Genetics and the Future of Medicine. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 1987;13(4):485-9.
genetics. medical aspects, genetic screening, IVF, psychosocial, rights, ethics, embryos, commercialisation, surrogacy, payment, education, disability: genetics. medical aspects, genetic screening, IVF, psychosocial, rights, ethics, embryos, commercialisation, surrogacy, payment, education, disability.
This paper looks at the advances in genetic screening, genetic manipulation and ARTs. It discusses the social implications of these.
519. Robyns S. Success depends on donors. Dominion. Wellington; 1990.
520. Rosewaks Z. Donor eggs: their application in modern reproductive technologies. Fertility and Sterility. 1987;47(6):895-909.
egg donors, egg donation, IVF, ET, medical aspects, known donors: egg donors, egg donation, IVF, ET, medical aspects, known donors.
Medically oriented discussion of egg donation and ET.521. Rosier P. Conceivable Options. An Investigation of Reproductive Technologies. Broadsheet. 1987(May):24-9.
assisted reproduction, women, pregnancy, feminism, standards, drugs, psychosocial, infertility, prevention, race, medical aspects, DI, IVF, eg donation, embryo donation, GIFT, SET, cryopreservation, surrogacy, pregnancy rates, doctors, payment, economics, law, legislation, NZ, anonymity, secrecy, rights, interests of child, social attitudes, medicalisation: assisted reproduction, women, pregnancy, feminism, standards, drugs, psychosocial, infertility, prevention, race, medical aspects, DI, IVF, eg donation, embryo donation, GIFT, SET, cryopreservation, surrogacy, pregnancy rates, doctors, payment, economics, law, legislation, NZ, anonymity, secrecy, rights, interests of child, social attitudes, medicalisation.
This piece presents an overview of ARTs from a feminist perspective. It looks at issues of the rights of couples and offspring, the role of the medical profession and the legal situation in NZ.
522. Rosner F, Casse EJ, Friedland ML, et al. Ethical considerations of reproductive technologies. New York State Journal of Medicine. 1987:398-401.
ethics, law, surrogacy, contracts, payment, DI, screening, disability, semen donors, paternity, HIV, doctors, rights, adoption, abortion, couples, telling the child, payment, counselling, records, religion, motivation, UK, USA, cryopreservation, commodification, guidelines commercialisation, family, IVF, infertility: ethics, law, surrogacy, contracts, payment, DI, screening, disability, semen donors, paternity, HIV, doctors, rights, adoption, abortion, couples, telling the child, payment, counselling, records, religion, motivation, UK, USA, cryopreservation, commodification, guidelines commercialisation, family, IVF, infertility.
This piece looks at the ethicl al and legal issues involved in surrogacy, IVF and DI and presents the recommendations of a variety of different UK and USA government commissions and medical ethical committees.
523. Rothenberg KH. Baby M, the Surrogacy Contract, and the health Care Professional: Unanswered Question. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):113-20.
surrogacy, contracts, health professionals, ethics, guidelines, parenthood, law, doctors, counselling, consent, selection, screening, surrogates, couples, disability: surrogacy, contracts, health professionals, ethics, guidelines, parenthood, law, doctors, counselling, consent, selection, screening, surrogates, couples, disability.
This paper discusses various ethical and legal issues in relation to surrogacy particularly in relation to the role of health professionals. It also discusses issues of consent, offspring disability etc.
524. Rothenberg KH. Gestational Surrogacy and the Health Care Provider: Put Part of the "IVF Genie" Back Into the Bottle. Law Medicine and Health Care. 1990;18(4):345-52.
IVF, surrogacy, economics, policy, doctors, ethics, law, USA, contracts, commercialisation, prohibition, Bulgaria, Israel, Norway, Sweden, parenthood, clinics, medicalisation, counselling, screening, Spain, UK, Germany, Europe, motherhood, ethics, motivation, payment, consent, psychological, drugs, multiple pregnancy, aboriton, disability, genetic screening: IVF, surrogacy, economics, policy, doctors, ethics, law, USA, contracts, commercialisation, prohibition, Bulgaria, Israel, Norway, Sweden, parenthood, clinics, medicalisation, counselling, screening, Spain, UK, Germany, Europe, motherhood, ethics, motivation, payment, consent, psychological, drugs, multiple pregnancy, aboriton, disability, genetic screening.
This paper outlines policy and law regarding surrogacy in various countries and thendevelops an argument against IVF surrogacy.
525. Rothman B. Surrogacy: A Question of Values. Conscience. 1987;8(3):1-4.
surrogacy, ethics: surrogacy, ethics.
not seen.
526. Rothman BK. Reproductive Technology and the Commodification of Life. Embryos, Ethics and Women's Rights: Haworth Press Inc.; 1988.
commodification, genetic screening, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, women, economics, payment, pregnancy, law, society, ethics: commodification, genetic screening, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, women, economics, payment, pregnancy, law, society, ethics.
This paper discusses commodification inherent in the use of ARTs with specific reference to surrogacy and genetic screening.
527. Rothman BK. On Surrogacy. Constructing Social Policy. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. N.Y.: Plenum; 1989.
surrogacy, law, commercialisation, commodification, women, interests of child, ethics, policy, infertility, DI, payment, technology, ET, pregnancy, eugenics: surrogacy, law, commercialisation, commodification, women, interests of child, ethics, policy, infertility, DI, payment, technology, ET, pregnancy, eugenics.
This article argues that the gestational mother should be the legal mother of the child, and that unless selling babies becomes legalised this means that commercial surrogacy should be illegal and that non-commercial surrogacy should be treated in the same way as adoption. It looks at ethical and social policy issues and stresses the dangers inherent in surrogacy to the gestational mothers and to society in general.
528. Rowland R. Of Women Born But for How Long? In: Spallone P, Steinberg DL, eds. Made to Order. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1987.
motherhood, feminism, poverty, infertility, women, history, family, assisted reproduction, gender: motherhood, feminism, poverty, infertility, women, history, family, assisted reproduction, gender.
These two pages discuss different feminist approaches to motherhood and its potential as a source of entrapment and as a source of power.
529. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Donor Insemination. Patient Infromation Booklet. In: costs UDoHaSSftp, ed. Potters Bar, UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 1987.
530. Rust M. Whose Baby Is It? Surrogate Motherhood After Baby M. American Bar Assosciation Journal. 1987(June 1):52-6.
surrogacy, contracts, motherhood, law, lawyers, ethics, policy, commercilalisation, interests of child, regulation, licensing, technology, Catholic, women, surrogates, couples, commodification: surrogacy, contracts, motherhood, law, lawyers, ethics, policy, commercilalisation, interests of child, regulation, licensing, technology, Catholic, women, surrogates, couples, commodification.
This piece reports on the legal situation with regards surrogacy in the USA and includes a poll of lawyers about their opinions on the rights of various parties in surrogacy and whether or not it is contrary to public policy.531. Rutnam R. Evaluating In Vitro Fertilization Technology in Australia. Community Health Studies. 1990;14(3):246-54.
IVF, Australia, ethics, history, standards, technology, medical aspects, media, parenthood, social attitudes, feminism, doctors, economics, drugs, women, ET, insurance, consent, psychosocial, psycholgical, stress: IVF, Australia, ethics, history, standards, technology, medical aspects, media, parenthood, social attitudes, feminism, doctors, economics, drugs, women, ET, insurance, consent, psychosocial, psycholgical, stress.
This paper outlines the development of IVF in Australia. 1971-89. It argues that evaluations of this procedure have not been thorough enough and that given the wide ranging social and psychological implications of this technology the standards for assessin g thes types of procedures are not of sufficient stringency in the first place.
532. Ryan KJ. Ethical issues in reproductive endocrinology and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics an Gynecology. 1989;160(6):1415-7, 1419-24.
ethics, infertility, assisted reproduction, technology, couples, USA, clinics, screening, DI, insurance: ethics, infertility, assisted reproduction, technology, couples, USA, clinics, screening, DI, insurance.
This paper discusses the ethics involved in the provision of infertility services, the types of medical technology used and the ethics annd social context in which assisted reproduction services are delivered.
533. Ryan MA, Robertson J, Mahowald MB. The Argument for Unlimited Procreative Liberty: A Feminist Critique/ Life Liberty and the Pursuit of Offspring. Hastings Center Report. 1990(July/August):6-12.
feminism, reproductive rights, parenthood, family, rights, assisted reproduction, technology, infertility, couples, interests of child, commodification, eugenics, sex selection, blood bond, ethics, society, women, economics, race, policy, law, gender, access, genetic screening: feminism, reproductive rights, parenthood, family, rights, assisted reproduction, technology, infertility, couples, interests of child, commodification, eugenics, sex selection, blood bond, ethics, society, women, economics, race, policy, law, gender, access, genetic screening.
This article discusses the problems of unlimited or positive procreative liberty, particularly looking at the wider social implications of individual actions. This is responded to by John Robinson who supports positive procreative liberty and Mary Mahowald who seeks to place the feminism behind Ryan's argument in context. (the responses are in the July/August 1991 issues of the HCR).
534. Ryburn M. Open Adoption. New Zealand Social Work Journal. 1987;11(4):2-7.
adoption, family, couples, interests of child, NZ, history, UK, legislation, consanguinity, paternity, stigma, Maori, infertility, identity, psychological, psychosocial, child development, social workers, matching: adoption, family, couples, interests of child, NZ, history, UK, legislation, consanguinity, paternity, stigma, Maori, infertility, identity, psychological, psychosocial, child development, social workers, matching.
This paper argues for open adoption outlining the history of adoption and the legislation regarding this. It discusses the problems of closed adoption and the benefits of open adoptions for both couples and offspring.
535. Sabatelli RM, Meth RL, Gavazzi SM. Factors Mediating the Adjustment to Involuntary Childlessness. Family Relations. 1988;37:338-43.
infertility, psychosocial, couples, sexuality, coping skills, USA, support groups, assisted reproduction, social support, social attitudes, health professionals, counselling, education: infertility, psychosocial, couples, sexuality, coping skills, USA, support groups, assisted reproduction, social support, social attitudes, health professionals, counselling, education.
This study of RESOLVE member couples and women, found that women found sexual issues the most difficult, and that marital commitment was correlated with high self esteem and certain coping skills. Emphasises interconnectedness of factors and provides counselling advice for health professionals.
536. Salzer LP. Infertility: How Couples Can Cope. Boston, USA: G.K. Hall and Co.; 1986.
infertility, stress, couples, process, sexuality, social attitudes, religion, doctors, assisted reproduction, adoption: infertility, stress, couples, process, sexuality, social attitudes, religion, doctors, assisted reproduction, adoption.
This book is a general guide to infertile couples: chapter headings: Infertility: The Silent Struggle; The Emotional Rollercoaster; Infertile in a Fertile Society; Infertility and Sex; Surviving the Infertility Grind; Infertility and Religion; The Doctor-Patient Relationship; Infertility and Employment; Conditions of special concern; The High Technology of Psrenthood; The Crossroads of Infertility; Ending the Struggle.
537. Sandelowski M. Sophie's Choice: A Metaphor for Infertility. Health Care Women International. 1986;7:439-53.
infertility, social attitudes, treatment, assisted reproduction, psychological, rights, contraception, reproductive rights, women, environmental factors, sexuality, STDs, adoption, abortion, doctors, medicalisation, motherhood: infertility, social attitudes, treatment, assisted reproduction, psychological, rights, contraception, reproductive rights, women, environmental factors, sexuality, STDs, adoption, abortion, doctors, medicalisation, motherhood.
This paper argues that the language of choice the medicalaisation of infertility services, pronatalism and a variety of other social factors have made the situation of infertile women one in which they are presented with a series of bad alternatives. Whichever of these they 'choose' they are expected to bear both the responsibility and the grief associated with this decision themselves.
538. Sandelowski M. Without Child: The World of Infertile Women. Health Care for Women International. 1988;9:147-61.
women, infertility, pregnancy, social attitudes, process, psychological, psychosocial, assisted reproduction, medical aspects, stress, race, education, identity, IVF, family, parenthood: women, infertility, pregnancy, social attitudes, process, psychological, psychosocial, assisted reproduction, medical aspects, stress, race, education, identity, IVF, family, parenthood.
This study of 48 womens' experiences of infertility looks at those experiences in terms of ambiguity, otherness and temporality. It proposes a cultural paradigm of infertilty which emphasises that women live in both fertile and infertile cultures.
539. Sauer MV, Rodi IA, Scrooc M, Bustillo M, Buster JE. Survey of attitudes regarding the use of siblings for gamete donation. Fertility and Sterility. 1988;49(4):721-2.
egg donors, couples, egg donation, semen donoes, DI, women, men, gender, blood bond, family: egg donors, couples, egg donation, semen donoes, DI, women, men, gender, blood bond, family.
This study of attitudes of couples undergoing egg donations and DI found that there was greater acceptance of using sisters in egg donation, than brothers in DI. While more men than women were unwilling to approach sisters in law for egg donation, no women were willing to approach brothers in law for DI.
540. Sauer MV, Gorrill MJ, Zeffer KB, Bustillo M. Attitudinal Survey of Sperm Donors to an Artificial Insemination Clinic. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 1989;34(5):362-4.
semen donors, egg donors, attitudes, motivation, payment, anonymity, register, altruism, blood, organs, USA, clinics, records: semen donors, egg donors, attitudes, motivation, payment, anonymity, register, altruism, blood, organs, USA, clinics, records.
42 donors survey to ascertain motivations and attitudes. Donors motivated by money, with 69% unwilling to participate if money withdrawn. Anonymity desired and did not favour a national registry tracking insemination outcomes. Although perceived as altruistic by peers, donors did not see themselves in this way and most considered donating semen as similar to donating blood or organs.541. Sauer MV, Paulson RJ. Human oocyte and preembryo donaiton: An evolving method for the treatment of infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;163(5 (1)):1421-4.
egg donors, ET, medical aspects, egg donation, drugs, records, USA, practice, anonymous, known donors: egg donors, ET, medical aspects, egg donation, drugs, records, USA, practice, anonymous, known donors.
This paper reports on the recent development of egg donation and ET in the USA; their success rates, the number of clinics involved, the use of known and anonymous donors etc.
542. Sauer MV, Paulson RJ, Lobo RA. A Preliminary Report on Oocyte Donation Extending Reproductive Potential to Women Over 40. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990;323(17):1157-60.
egg donors, egg donation, ET, age, drugs, medical aspects, women, selection, recipients: egg donors, egg donation, ET, age, drugs, medical aspects, women, selection, recipients.
This study of women 40+ who underwent ET with eggs donated from younger women found no medical differences between these women and younger women in similar situations. Medical paper.
543. Schaffer P, Corbett S. How Babies and Families are Made (There is more than one way!). Berkely, California, USA: Tabor Sarah Books; 1988.
DI, IVF, pregnancy, couples, family, education, offspring, women, men, pregnancy, medical aspects, disability, single women, adoption: DI, IVF, pregnancy, couples, family, education, offspring, women, men, pregnancy, medical aspects, disability, single women, adoption.
This is a sex education book for children which also explains DI, IVF, and different forms of family formation.
544. Schaffer MR. Do children need a parent of each sex? In: Schaffer MR, ed. Making Decisions About Children: Psychological Questions and Answers. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell; 1990.
family, motherhood, fatherhood, child development, psychological, sex roles, gender, lesbian, gay men, couples, parenthood, divorce, single women, single men, sexuality: family, motherhood, fatherhood, child development, psychological, sex roles, gender, lesbian, gay men, couples, parenthood, divorce, single women, single men, sexuality.
This review of various papers on the effects on the sex role development of children of being raised only by parents of one sex finds that this does not in itself cause difficulties in the development of accepted sex roles. Notes that comparisons are difficult given that being raised in a family with parents of both sexes may not necessarily result in their being more contact with male and female role models than families where this is not the case. Also discusses the situation in which children are raised by lesbian couples.
545. Schaffer HR. Issue: Is there a 'blood bond'. In: Schaffer HR, ed. Making Decisions About Children: Psychological Questions and Answers. Oxford: Basil Blackwell; 1990.
psychological, blood bond, child development, family, adoption, France, Sweden, USA, UK, psychosocial, social class, offspring: psychological, blood bond, child development, family, adoption, France, Sweden, USA, UK, psychosocial, social class, offspring.
This paper looks at papers which compare children raised non-biologically related parents with those raised by biologically related parents. It finds that in various studies non-biological children have similar or less behavioural problems and do similarly or better educationally (with some exceptions). This is put down to more concerned parenting by non-biological parents. It also looks at issues of respect for the family unit and state intervention.
546. Schenker JG, Frankel DA. Medico-Legal Aspects of in Vitro Fertilization and Embro Transfer Practice. Obstetrical and Gynecologic Review. 1987;41(7):405-13.
law, IVF, ET, couples, Australia, legislation, Austria, Canada, Germany, France, Israel, Japan, Singapore, Sweden, UK, USA, DI, egg donation, telling the child, South Africa, surrogacy, cryopreservation, embryos, research, paternity, standards, doctors, assisted reproduction: law, IVF, ET, couples, Australia, legislation, Austria, Canada, Germany, France, Israel, Japan, Singapore, Sweden, UK, USA, DI, egg donation, telling the child, South Africa, surrogacy, cryopreservation, embryos, research, paternity, standards, doctors, assisted reproduction.
This paper outlines the situation with regard to various ARTS in a wide variety of Western countries. Discusses the various approaches that have been taken in various countries.
547. Schenker JG. Ovum Donation. The State of the Art. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1988;541:742-54.
egg donors, egg donation, IVF, ET, medical aspects, selection, ethics, law, DI, screening, psychological, anonymity, known donors, religion, Judaism, Catholic, Islam, Anglican, recipients, pregnancy, drugs, women, practice, clinics: egg donors, egg donation, IVF, ET, medical aspects, selection, ethics, law, DI, screening, psychological, anonymity, known donors, religion, Judaism, Catholic, Islam, Anglican, recipients, pregnancy, drugs, women, practice, clinics.
This paper reports on success rates in the use of egg donation in IVF and ET internationally. It also discusses screening procedures for recipients and donors, anonymity/known donor issues and legal, ethical and religious concerns.
548. Schiedermayer DL. Babies made the American way: Ethics and interests of surrogate motherhood. The Pharos. 1988(Fall):2-7.
interests of child, couples, surrogate, anonymity, secrecy, surrogacy, DI, commercialisation, UK, USA, telling the child, adoption, family, payment, contracts, medicalisation, class, feminism, fatherhood, psychological, motherhood, technology, pregnancy, doctors, policy, prohibition, regulation, economics, technology, rights: interests of child, couples, surrogate, anonymity, secrecy, surrogacy, DI, commercialisation, UK, USA, telling the child, adoption, family, payment, contracts, medicalisation, class, feminism, fatherhood, psychological, motherhood, technology, pregnancy, doctors, policy, prohibition, regulation, economics, technology, rights.
This paper provides a general discussion of surrogacy looking at the issues from the viewpoint of a variety of the participants. It discusses the Warnock report and compares the USA approach to this issue with the UK one. Notes that the USA approach reflects this coutries emphsasis on technological solutions individual rights and the free market.
549. Schmuckler I, Aigen BP. The Terror of Surrogate Motherhood. Fantasies, Realities. and Viable Legislation. In: Offerman-Zuckerberg J, ed. Gender in Transition: A New Frontier. New York: Plenum; 1989.
social attitudes, law, legislation, ethics, motherhood, surrogacy, USA, psychological: social attitudes, law, legislation, ethics, motherhood, surrogacy, USA, psychological.
This article looks at the arguments against surrogacy in an American context, and presents arguments and information to refute these arguments. It proposes legislation which aims to allow commercial surrogacy while protecting surrogate mothers from exploitation.
550. Schover LR, Reis J, Collins RL, Blankstein J, Kanoti G, Quigley MM. The psychological evaluation of oocyte donors. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990;11:299-309.
egg donors, psychological, doctors, egg donation, screening: egg donors, psychological, doctors, egg donation, screening.
not seen.551. Schroeder-Jenkins M, Rothman SA. Causes of donor rejection in a sperm banking program. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;51(5):903-6.
clinics, DI, screening, HIV, recruitment, cryopreservation, practice, semen donors: clinics, DI, screening, HIV, recruitment, cryopreservation, practice, semen donors.
This paper reports on the practice of donor screening at a clinic and at the percentages of donors who apply who are being accepted. It looks at the reasons why certain donors do not eventually donate and the rate of failure of cryopreservation.
552. Schwartz D, Mayaux MJ, Guihard-Moscato ML, Czyglik F, David G. Abortion Rate in A.I.D. and Semen Characteristics: A Study of 1345 Pregnancies. andrologia. 1986;18(3):292-8.
aboriton, DI, pregnancy, medical aspects: aboriton, DI, pregnancy, medical aspects.
This study finds that there is no greater chance of spontaneous abortion in pregnancies resulting from DI than from those resulting form normal methods.
553. Scott R. Regulating Biomedicine by law - Delusions at the Epicentre. Presented at the 56th ANZAAS congress; Palmerston North, New Zealand; 1987.
regulation, law, assisted reproduction, technology, IVF, Australia, research, infertility, legislation, UK, USA, France, ethics, embryos, Islam, Christianity, Judaism,: regulation, law, assisted reproduction, technology, IVF, Australia, research, infertility, legislation, UK, USA, France, ethics, embryos, Islam, Christianity, Judaism,.
This manuscript summarises and discusses the approaches taken in various countries to the regulation of IVF and embryos research. Concludes by making own recommendationsin the area.
554. Scott R. Experimenting and the New Biology: "A Consummation Devoutly to Be Wished". Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;14(3-4):123-8.
law, regulation, IVF, embryos, research, ethics, legislation, Australia, UK, prohibition: law, regulation, IVF, embryos, research, ethics, legislation, Australia, UK, prohibition.
This paper overviews legislation mainly in the UK and Australia with regard to embryo research. Notes the arguments for and against this practice and the various ways which have been proposed and set up to deal with this. Favours regulation over prohibition.
555. Scritchfield SA. The Social Construction of Infertility: From Private Matter to Social Concern. In: Best J, ed. Images of Issues: Typifying Contenporary Social Problems. New York: Aldine de Gruyter; 1989.
infertility, policy, social attitudes, class, race, medicalisation, doctors, gender, technology, contraception, women, feminism, couples, stress, economics, prevention, sterilisation, USA, history, assisted reproduction: infertility, policy, social attitudes, class, race, medicalisation, doctors, gender, technology, contraception, women, feminism, couples, stress, economics, prevention, sterilisation, USA, history, assisted reproduction.
This paper argues that infertility is not on the increase in the USA and the perception that it is, is rooted in: advances in contraceptive methods, increasing rate of postponement of childbirth, declining fertility rates and class and racial differences in infertilty rates, and the development and increased attention paid to ARTs. Claims this has lead to a treatment rather than prevention approach to infertility.
556. Scutt JA. Disturbing connections - Artificial and natural conception and the right to choose. In: Scutt JA, ed. The Baby Machine. Carlton, Victoria: McCulloch; 1988.
abortion, rights, women, feminism, doctors, sexuality, reproductive rights, law, USA, Catholic, scientists, Australia, IVF, embryos, UK, fatherhood, medicalisation, counselling, history, assisted reproduction: abortion, rights, women, feminism, doctors, sexuality, reproductive rights, law, USA, Catholic, scientists, Australia, IVF, embryos, UK, fatherhood, medicalisation, counselling, history, assisted reproduction.
This chapter argues for the rights of women to choose to have abortions and to have access to ARTs. It looks at the history of this issue in the UK, USA and Australia, and discusses such issues as the status of the embryo, the rights of fathers and the medicalisation of reproductive processes.
557. Seibel MM. A New Era in Reproductive Technology. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1988;discussion(March 31):828-34.
IVF, GIFT, embryos, doctors, medical aspects, pregnancy rates, economics, psychological counselling, ethics, law, couples, cryopreservation: IVF, GIFT, embryos, doctors, medical aspects, pregnancy rates, economics, psychological counselling, ethics, law, couples, cryopreservation.
This paper outlines the medical aspects of IVF, GIFT etc. and briefly discusses legal, psychological, regulatory and ethical aspects of these procedures.
558. Seibel MM. Infertility: a comprehensive text. Norwalk, Connecticutt, USA: Appleton and Lange; 1990.
infertility, psychosocial, assisted reproduction, couples, doctors, treatment, medical aspects: infertility, psychosocial, assisted reproduction, couples, doctors, treatment, medical aspects.
not seen.
559. Selby P, Brada M, Horwich A, Wiltshire E, McElwain TJ, Lindsay KS. Semen Cryopreservation for Patients Surviving Malignant Disease: Implications of proposed Legislation. The Lancet. 1988(November 1988):1197.
cryopreservation, men, law, ethics, legislation: cryopreservation, men, law, ethics, legislation.
This letter argues against there being a limit placed on the amount of time that a man diagnosed with having a malignant disease (which will make him unable to use his sperm in the normal manner) can freeze that sperm for future use.
560. Selva J, Leonard C, Albert M, Auger J, David G. Genetic screening for artificial insemination by donor (AID). Clinical Genetics. 1986;29:389-396.
semen donors, France, genetic screening, medical aspects, DI, health professionals: semen donors, France, genetic screening, medical aspects, DI, health professionals.
Reports results of 10 years of experience at the CECOS centre in Paris-Bicetre. A total of 676 potential donors were interviewed by the geneticist and karyotyped and 6% were excluded. Experience stresses the subjectivity and difficulty of the exclusion decision and the usefulness of taking into account the recipient's familial pathology when choosing the donor. Finally, it reveals the importance of the geneticist's participation in the functioning of the centre.561. Serhal PF, Craft IL. Oocyte Donation in 61 Patients. The Lancet. 1989(May 27):1185-7.
egg donors, egg donation, GIFT, medical aspects, pregnancy, age: egg donors, egg donation, GIFT, medical aspects, pregnancy, age.
This paper reports on succes rates of 61 women using egg donation in conjunction with GIFT. Comments on success in relation to age. Generally medical.
562. Serhal P. Oocyte donation and surrogacy. British Medical Bulletin. 1990;46(3):796-812.
egg donation, surrogacy, IVF, medical aspects, female infertility, egg donors, pregnancy rates, pregnancy rates, UK legislation: egg donation, surrogacy, IVF, medical aspects, female infertility, egg donors, pregnancy rates, pregnancy rates, UK legislation.
This paper discusses medical aspects in relation to egg donation, but also looks at the differences between this and surrogacy. Briefly discusses legal aspects of surrogacy in the UK.
563. Shalev C. Birth Power. The Case for Surrogacy. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press; 1989.
surrogacy, family, adoption, DI, secrecy, anonymity, openness, surrogates, couples, contracts, IVF, motherhood, parenthood, women, commercialisation, economics, abortion, interests of child, identity, bloodbond, egg donors, embryos, infertility, paternity, pregnancy, records, law, medicalisation, feminism, assisted reproduction, semen donors, motivaiton, payment: surrogacy, family, adoption, DI, secrecy, anonymity, openness, surrogates, couples, contracts, IVF, motherhood, parenthood, women, commercialisation, economics, abortion, interests of child, identity, bloodbond, egg donors, embryos, infertility, paternity, pregnancy, records, law, medicalisation, feminism, assisted reproduction, semen donors, motivaiton, payment.
This book looks at surrogacy, the family as a biological unit, DI, secrecy and anonymity, IVF, surrogacy contracts, and the nature o women as economic beings. Comes froma broadly feminist perspective.
564. Shallone P, Steinberg DL. Made to Order. The Myth of Reproductive and Genetic Progress. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1987.
assisted reproduction, technology, women, interest of child, scientists, ethics, genetics: assisted reproduction, technology, women, interest of child, scientists, ethics, genetics.
not seen, See Brody 1993.
565. Shanley ML. A Case against Pregnancy Contracts: Embodied Selves, Liberal Theory and the Law. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):216-20.
surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction, rights, law,: surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction, rights, law,.
in library.
566. Shannon TA. In Vitro Fertilization: Ethical Issues. Women Halth. 1988;13(1-2):155-65.
ethics, IVF, consent, econbomics, feminism, technology, infertility, pregnancy rates, regulation, standards, doctors, class, insurance, cryopreservation, social attitudes, couples, social attitudes, women, USA: ethics, IVF, consent, econbomics, feminism, technology, infertility, pregnancy rates, regulation, standards, doctors, class, insurance, cryopreservation, social attitudes, couples, social attitudes, women, USA.
This paper looks at the ethics of IVF, the lack of regulation of the area, consent issues, the limited range of people who benefit from it and the implications of it in terms of its effects on the way we view women and infertility.
567. Shannon TA, Cahill LS. Religion and Artificial Reproduction. An Inquiry Into The Vatican "Instruction on Respect for Human Life". New York: Crossroad; 1988.
religion, Catholic, assisted reproduction family, policy, ethics, society, sexuality, parenthood, USA: religion, Catholic, assisted reproduction family, policy, ethics, society, sexuality, parenthood, USA.
This book examines the debates about ARTs raised by the Vatican document in the title. It presents the Catholic understanding of marriage, sexuality and parenthood. It is broadly in favour of the teachings of the Catholic church in this area but suggests that some ARTs may be useful if utilised within marriage.
568. Shannon TA. Surrogate Motherhood. The Ethics of Using Human Beings. New York: Crossroad; 1988.
surrogacy, motherhood, women, ethics, commodification, blood, organ donation, consent, regulation, law, abortion, adoption, DI, interests of child, surrogates, motivation, couples, family, IVF, gender, parenthood, reproductive rights, research: surrogacy, motherhood, women, ethics, commodification, blood, organ donation, consent, regulation, law, abortion, adoption, DI, interests of child, surrogates, motivation, couples, family, IVF, gender, parenthood, reproductive rights, research.
This book compares surrogacy to organ and blood donation and wet nursing, looks at it in its social and legal context and discusses ethical issues in relation to it. Concludes that surrogacy is an invalid practice.
569. Shannon TA. Moral Analogues to Surrogate Mothering. Surrogate Motherhood. The Ethics of Using Human Beings. New York: Crossroad; 1988.
motherhood, women, ethics, commodification, blood, organ donation, consent, regulation, law, adoption, motivation, couples, family, gender, parenthood, reproductive rights, payment, commercialisation, ecionomics, social attitudes, family, altruism, research, class, poverty, philodsophy, UK, USA, child development, interests of child, psychosocial, psychological, history, pregnancy, religion, adult development, bolld bond, lesbian, single women, couples, sexuality: motherhood, women, ethics, commodification, blood, organ donation, consent, regulation, law, adoption, motivation, couples, family, gender, parenthood, reproductive rights, payment, commercialisation, ecionomics, social attitudes, family, altruism, research, class, poverty, philodsophy, UK, USA, child development, interests of child, psychosocial, psychological, history, pregnancy, religion, adult development, bolld bond, lesbian, single women, couples, sexuality.
These chapters surrogacy to organ and blood donation and wet nursing, looks at it in its social and psychological contexts and discusses ethical issues in relation to it. Also discusses the nature of and motivation for parenthood and the way in which social forces make it difficult to refuse to take it up as a role.
570. Shannon TA. Ethical issues involved with in vitro fertilization. AORN Journal. 1990;52(3):627-31.
ethics, IVF, infertility, psychological, couples, pregnancy rates, advertising, clinics, regulation, doctors, access, payment, economics, insurance, cryopreservation, interests of child, abortion, embryos, women: ethics, IVF, infertility, psychological, couples, pregnancy rates, advertising, clinics, regulation, doctors, access, payment, economics, insurance, cryopreservation, interests of child, abortion, embryos, women.
This paper discusses the ethical issues involved in IVF in a USA context, in particular looking at the lack of controls in the area, issues of access to and the costs of procedures and status of the embryo concerns.571. Shapiro R. Whatever happened to Warnock? Nursing Times. 1986(October 29):31-2.
embryos, research, IVF, UK, ethics, social attitudes, DI, regulation, licensing, doctors, assisted reproduction: embryos, research, IVF, UK, ethics, social attitudes, DI, regulation, licensing, doctors, assisted reproduction.
This piece reports on the developments in the UK parliament and in the voluntary regulation of ARTs since the publication of the Warnock Report.
572. Shapiro CH. Is Pregnancy After Infertility A Dubious Joy? Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work. 1986:306-13.
pregnancy, infertility, social workers, psychosocial, psychological, stress, process, couples, social support, family: pregnancy, infertility, social workers, psychosocial, psychological, stress, process, couples, social support, family.
This paper describes the psychological concerns which infertile couples may go through in the process of seeing through a much anticipated preganancy. It gives advice to social workers on how to respond to these feelings and concerns.
573. Shapiro CH. Infertility and Pregnancy Loss - a Guide for Helping Professionals: Jossey-Buss Publishers; 1988.
infertility, pregnancy, health professionals, couples, medical aspects, psychosocial: infertility, pregnancy, health professionals, couples, medical aspects, psychosocial.
not seen, see IVF Coordinators... 1992.
574. Shapiro S, Saphire DG, Stone WH. Changes in American AID practice during the past decade. International Journal of Fertility. 1990;35(5):284-91.
DI, regulations, practice, health professionals, screening, demographics, cryopreservation, outcomes, semen donors, doctors, payment, recipients, USA, records: DI, regulations, practice, health professionals, screening, demographics, cryopreservation, outcomes, semen donors, doctors, payment, recipients, USA, records.
The authors conducted a survey of DI practices in the US, including some previously surveyed in 1978. Some results: donor payments increased, increase in use of frozen semen, single donor fathering fewer children on average, records maintained by about 40% of respondents (no change from previous survey), as many as 23,400 infants may have been born during the survey year. Authors say they expect further changes in AID practice as a result of the 1988 Federal recommendations that all DI be undertaken with cryopreserved, quarantined semen.
575. Shatford LA, Hearn MT, Yuzpe AA, Brown SE, Casper RF. Psychological correlates of differential infertility diagnosis in an in vitro fertilzation program. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;158(5):1099-107.
psychological, IVF, couples, psychosocial, infertility, social support, coping skills: psychological, IVF, couples, psychosocial, infertility, social support, coping skills.
This study of IVF particpants looked at how they responded to the treatment in terms of personality functioning , coping ability, marital adjustment, social support, etc. It analysed these results in terms of the types of infertility that the couples were afflicted with.
576. Shaw P, Johnston M, Shaw R. Counselling needs, emotional and relationship problems in couples awaiting IVF. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;9:171-80.
infertility, couples, IVF, psychosocial, counselling, stress: infertility, couples, IVF, psychosocial, counselling, stress.
not seen.
577. Shea MC. Ensoulment and IVF embryos. Journal of medical ethics. 1987;13:95-7.
abortion, embryos, research, IVF, religion, Catholic, Christianity, ethics, philosophy: abortion, embryos, research, IVF, religion, Catholic, Christianity, ethics, philosophy.
This paper argues for the use of embryos for research prior to their separate organs coming to act as an interdependent whole, on the grounds that up to this point said embryos while worthy of respect have not yet become ensouled.
578. Shevory TC. Rethinking Public and Private Life via the Surrogacy Contract. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):173-84.
surrogacy, contracts: surrogacy, contracts.
in library.
579. Shiloh S, Larom S, Mashiach S, Ben-Rafael Z. Perceived Psycho-Social Features of IVF Compared to Other Treatments for Fertility. In: Mashiach S, Ben-Rafael Z, Laufer N, Schenker JG, eds. Advances in Assisted Reproductive Technologies; 1990.
infertility, IVF, psychosocial, assisted reproduction, women, couples, medical aspects, stress, social attitudes, ethics, sexuality, embryos, DI, surrogacy, family: infertility, IVF, psychosocial, assisted reproduction, women, couples, medical aspects, stress, social attitudes, ethics, sexuality, embryos, DI, surrogacy, family.
This paper looks at the differences in perceptions of infertile women undergoing IVF and fertile women, of ARTs and the effects of these and infertility on participants social relations.
580. Shingleton P. Donating Sperm. A gift of life. Evening Post. Wellington; 1990.581. Shirai Y. Attitudes of Buddhist Priests Toward Prenatal Diagnosis. In: Bernard J, Kajikawa K, Fujiki N, eds. Human dignity and medicine: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988.
Buddhism, religion, Japan, technology, genetic screening, ethics, disability, abortion, embryos, family: Buddhism, religion, Japan, technology, genetic screening, ethics, disability, abortion, embryos, family.
This study of Buddhist priests attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis, abotrtion in the case of an embryos ewith Down's syndrome and the right to life of embryos in general, found that they were more in favour of embryos rights' to life than Japanese society in general although they were not unanimous in this judgement.
582. Shirai Y. Japanese Women's Attitudes Towards Selective Abortion: A Pilot study in Aichi Prefecture. Studies in Humanities. 1989;23(March):25-36.
Japan, women, abortion, genetic screening, attitudes, counselling, genetics, ethics, disability, rights, embryos, education, law: Japan, women, abortion, genetic screening, attitudes, counselling, genetics, ethics, disability, rights, embryos, education, law.
This study of pregnant women, women with pre-school children and women with retarded children in Japan found that the majority were in favour of selective abortions in a case study situation where a Downs syndrome child would be born. There was less approval for abortion in general and approval of abortion was correlated with higher education. Study conducted in 1978.
583. Shirai Y. Attitudes of Buddhist Priests towards New Reproductive Technology. Studies in Humanities. 1990;24(March):27-34.
Buddhism, religion, assisted reproduction, Japan, technology, IVF, sex selection, pregnancy rates, egg donation, surrogacy, regulation, doctors, health professionals, social attitudes, sex selection, ethics: Buddhism, religion, assisted reproduction, Japan, technology, IVF, sex selection, pregnancy rates, egg donation, surrogacy, regulation, doctors, health professionals, social attitudes, sex selection, ethics.
This study looks at the attitudes of Buddhist priests to IVF and sex selection and at their reasons for either approving or diapproving of these procedures. It also compares their attitudes to the attitudes of other sectors of Japanese society.
584. Shuster E, King IR. Seven embryos in search of legitimacy/ Who inherits the embryo. Fertility and Sterility. 1990;53(6):975-7.
embryos, paternity, divorce, couples, USA, cryopreservation, law, ethics, rights, IVF, commercialisation, research, consent, rights, consent, commodification: embryos, paternity, divorce, couples, USA, cryopreservation, law, ethics, rights, IVF, commercialisation, research, consent, rights, consent, commodification.
This paper question s the view taken in a contemporary law case that an embryo has the full rights of a human beings. Also discusses the nature of consent, commodification and the importance of providing clear agreements in the case of the cryopreservation of embryos. The second author dispute some the points made and the first author responds to these.
585. Siegel-Itzkovich J. Israeli court paves way for surrogacy. British Medical Journal. 1986-7;311(5 August):348.
surrogacy, Israel, law, legislation, class, couples, surrogates, pregnancy, contracts, disability, motherhood, religion, Judaism, adoption, rights: surrogacy, Israel, law, legislation, class, couples, surrogates, pregnancy, contracts, disability, motherhood, religion, Judaism, adoption, rights.
This piece describes the legal ruling which overturns an earlier Israeli law banning surrogacy, and requiring the Israeli parliament to enact new legislation. Notes the reactions of various groups to this, and describes the complex issues associated with surrogacy, and the consequent difficulties in drafting the new law.
586. Singer P. Embryo Experimentation and the Moral Status of the Embryo; 1989.
587. Slaytor P. Reunion and resolution: the adoption triangle. Adoption & Fostering. 1988;12(2):46-51.
adoption, social workers, parenthood, interest of child, blood bond, family, secrecy, openness, identity, Australia: adoption, social workers, parenthood, interest of child, blood bond, family, secrecy, openness, identity, Australia.
This study of Australian participants in adoption triangles looks at issues of secrecy, openness, identity etc.
588. Slovenko R. Sperm Donation. Medicine and Law. 1986;5(2).
DI, law, semen donors , donors' partners, consent form, USA, doctors, legislation: DI, law, semen donors , donors' partners, consent form, USA, doctors, legislation.
This paper comments on the state of US law in relation to DI and its outcome. It also summarises literature into the extent of DI in the US. It also contains some consent forms for donors and their partners.
589. Smart C. 'There is of course the distinction dictated by nature': Law and the Problem of Paternity. In: Stanworth M, ed. Reproductive Technology: Gender, Motherhood and Medicine. Minneapolis: M. Stanworth; 1987.
law, parenthood, assisted reproduction, feminism, fatherhood, offspring, family, blood bond, couples, DI, history, UK, social attitudes, interests of child, single women, legislation: law, parenthood, assisted reproduction, feminism, fatherhood, offspring, family, blood bond, couples, DI, history, UK, social attitudes, interests of child, single women, legislation.
This paper looks at paternity issues in the UK from a historical perspective, and the arguments behind various decisions that have been made. It looks at the impact of ART's on this, access to children issues and the interests of the child.
590. Smith GP. The Case of Baby M: Love's Labor Lost. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2):121-5.
surrogacy, law, USA, DI, contracts, couples, surrogates, parenthood, interests of child, class, family, legislation, regulation, prohibition, policy, licensing: surrogacy, law, USA, DI, contracts, couples, surrogates, parenthood, interests of child, class, family, legislation, regulation, prohibition, policy, licensing.
This paper outlines the Bab M case and the legal issues in the USA in relation to surrogacy. Suggests a framework in relation to this.591. Smith GP. Reproductive Autonomy. Values Gone Awry? The New Biology. Law Ethics and Biotechnology. New York: Plenum; 1989.
reproductive rights, policy, DI, single women, surrogates, surrogacy, legislation, family, couples, contracts, adoption, anonymity, commercialisation, single men, semen donors, paternity, surrogate's partner, rights, disability, social attitudes, ethics, family, sexuality, assisted reproduction, abortion, interests of child, women: reproductive rights, policy, DI, single women, surrogates, surrogacy, legislation, family, couples, contracts, adoption, anonymity, commercialisation, single men, semen donors, paternity, surrogate's partner, rights, disability, social attitudes, ethics, family, sexuality, assisted reproduction, abortion, interests of child, women.
This chapter argues against the provision of DI to single women, and against surrogacy. It looks at legal situation in the USA, and at the potential impacts of allowing these activities to proceed.
592. Snarey J, Kuehne VL, Son L, Hauser S, Vaillant G. The Role of Parenting in Men's Psychosocial Development: A Longitudinal Study of Early Adulthood Infertility and Midlife Generativity. Developmental Psychology. 1987;23(4):593-603.
infertility, coping skills, men, methods, adult development, social class, psychosocial, psychological, child free adoption, doctors, couples, parenthood, USA, process: infertility, coping skills, men, methods, adult development, social class, psychosocial, psychological, child free adoption, doctors, couples, parenthood, USA, process.
This longitudinal study of 52 infertile married men found that coping strategies in relation to infertility were related to whether the men became birth parents adoptive parents or remained childless, whether they reached the developmental stage of 'generativity', and whether they were married or divorced and the degree of enjoyment they got from their marriages.
593. Snarey J. Men Without Children. Husbands cope with infertility in different ways. Their early reactions may have long lasting effects. Psychology Today. 1988(March):61-2.
infertility, coping skills, men, methods, adult development, social class, psychosocial, psychological, child free adoption, doctors, couples, parenthood, USA, process: infertility, coping skills, men, methods, adult development, social class, psychosocial, psychological, child free adoption, doctors, couples, parenthood, USA, process.
An accessible summary of the findings of the 1987 research by Snarey et al.
594. Sokolof BZ. Alternative Methods of Reproduction. Clinical Pediatrics. 1987; 26((1) January):11-17.
DI, surrogacy, IVF, embryo transfer, family: DI, surrogacy, IVF, embryo transfer, family.
DI, surrogate parenting, IVF, and embryo transfer are defined as alternative methods of reproduction used with increased frequency. Lack of legislation, anonymity of donors, secrecy whithin the family, physician's role, type of family, social, psychological and emotional aspects that these methods involve are also discussed.
595. Solomon A. Integrating Infertility Crisis Counselling into Feminist Practice. Reproductive and Genetic Engineering. 1988;1(1):41-9.
infertility, IVF, assisted reproduction, feminism, women, doctors, social attitudes, religion, Judaism, stress, psychological, psychosocial, clinics, policy, economics, technology, process, counselling, Israel, education, research, prevention: infertility, IVF, assisted reproduction, feminism, women, doctors, social attitudes, religion, Judaism, stress, psychological, psychosocial, clinics, policy, economics, technology, process, counselling, Israel, education, research, prevention.
This paper outlines a feminist response to infertility and infertility treatment, and proposes that 'infertility crisis centres' be set up to provide feminist infertility counselling informed by an understanding of pronatalist and medicalised world views; and to lobby for public education, research into ways of preventing infertility, and acceptance of a child free lifestyle.
596. Spallone P. Reproductive Technology and the State: The Warnock Report and Its Clones. In: Spallone PS, D.L., ed. Made to order. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1987.
Women, Warnock Report, IVF, egg donation, surrogacy, family, health risks, motherhood, reproductive technologies.: Women, Warnock Report, IVF, egg donation, surrogacy, family, health risks, motherhood, reproductive technologies.
The author criticises the reports from government in Britain, Australia and Canada regarding the status of women in the context of reproductive technology. In her opinion, assisted reproduction requires the subordination of women. IVF, surrogacy, and egg donation are used on behalf of the family and the science, disregarding medical risks to women. The concept of motherhood adopted by the Warnock Report are used to preserve or stabilise the traditional family at the expenses of women's integrity.
597. Spallone P. Beyond Conception. The New Politics of Reproduction. Granby Massaceusetts: Bergin and Garvey Publishers; 1989.
feminism, assisted reproduction, women, IVF, genetic engineering, surrogacy, multiple pregnancy, sex selection, doctors, scientists, technology, family, ethics, embryos, medicaliszation, gentics, eugenics, social attitudes, abortion, DI, genetic screening, consent, contraception, disability, egg donation, embryos, race, research, infertility, drugs, consent, lesbian, motherhood, pregnancy, sexuality, single women, sterilisation, poverty: feminism, assisted reproduction, women, IVF, genetic engineering, surrogacy, multiple pregnancy, sex selection, doctors, scientists, technology, family, ethics, embryos, medicaliszation, gentics, eugenics, social attitudes, abortion, DI, genetic screening, consent, contraception, disability, egg donation, embryos, race, research, infertility, drugs, consent, lesbian, motherhood, pregnancy, sexuality, single women, sterilisation, poverty.
This is a discussion of ART and genetic engineering issues from a feminist perspective. It looks at the way medicine and science have been used to oppress women, at status of embryos issues, eugenics, the role of the state etc.
598. Spallone P. The Cost of Conception. Nursing Times. 1990;86(18):28-31.
IVF, GIFT, embryo research, women: IVF, GIFT, embryo research, women.
The author argues that IVF is not always in the best interest of infertile women, raises questions about eugenics, criticises the need for more embryo research in order to improve results of the use of these technologies, and criticises the Embriology Bill, stating that interests of women come last.
599. Speirs J. Jennifer Speirs Reviews. Social Services Insight. 1986(May 31-June 7):19.
infertility, IVF, NHS, social worker, children's welfare: infertility, IVF, NHS, social worker, children's welfare.
The author discusses the content of a tv series called Society, Science and Sex, points out the problems in using the health services for infertility, such as a waiting list of 5 years for the IVF programme, and criticises the participants of the tv show for not concerning about the rights of children born from such procedures, except one social worker.
600. Stanley F. IVF - A gift for the Infertile or a Cycle of Despair? The Medical Journal of Australia. 1988;148(May 2):425-426.
IVF, pregnancy, embryo transfer, embryo, Australia: IVF, pregnancy, embryo transfer, embryo, Australia.
The author investigated statistical data related to IVF and pregnancy rates and found that 57.5% resulted in live birth, with the other pregnancies ending in preclinical abortion, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and still birth. She also says that most embryos fail to implant at embryo transfer, and that 2.2% of IVF pregnancies had a congenital malformation that was noted at birth, compared to 1.5% of pregnacies for Australia nationally. She questions the need for a large number of IVF centres in that country.601. Stanworth Meea. Reproductive Technologies: Gender, Motherhood and Medicine; 1987.
infertility, family, egg, sperm, embryo, feminism, infertility, health.: infertility, family, egg, sperm, embryo, feminism, infertility, health.
The text is an editor's introduction to the book. It describes the book as being one to raise questions and provide pointers to the development of new strategies around reproductive technologies. It discusses what these technologies claim to offer to childless couples, dangers and risks to patients, ethical problems raising from egg, sperm, and embryo manipulation, the point of view of feminists on these matters, family relations, the social processes that shape the experience of infertility, and provision of health care for women.
602. Stauber ea. New Aspects in Psychosomatic Guidance of Childless Couples. In: Thomsen HLK, ed. Gyneacology and Obstetrics. Berlin/Heidelberg; 1986.
Infertility, couples, embryo, psychosomatic aspect of infertility.: Infertility, couples, embryo, psychosomatic aspect of infertility.
It outlines the treatment scheme used, in which nearly 5000 couple have been seen diagnostically and therapeutically. A holistic approach is used, including gyneacologic, andrologic and psychosomatic. The framework of conditions include to treat patient within the family structure, no manipulatIon to alter the embryo, return all embryos to the mother, consider psychosomatic aspects. The stages in the programme include initial interview, psychosomatic examination, and evaluation during the programme, follow up of every couple. Results are reported for each phase of the programme and the authors conclude that it is a great advance to provide psychosomatic and ethical dimensions to technology.
603. Steadman JHM, G.T. The Prospect of Surrogate Mothering: Clinical Concerns. Can. J. Psychiatry. 1987;32((7) October):545-550.
Surrogate mother, child, adoption, fetus, family: Surrogate mother, child, adoption, fetus, family.
The authors discuss the complexity of surrogacy arrangements, considering the status of the fetus, its physical and psychological state, impact of secrecy on the child, the adoptive family, the "incubating" family, referring to similarities in the adoption process,and suggests that surrogacy should be looked at as carefully as the administration of a new drug to a patient.
604. Steiber S. Public Opinion Divided on Surrogate Parenting. Hospitals. 1987(August, 5):114.
surrogacy, biological father: surrogacy, biological father.
The article reports partial results of a survey of 1000 people, about their attitudes on surrogate parenting and custody rights of a baby. 62% agree that the biological father has the custody, 15%, that the mother has the custody , 71% of people with a university degree supports that the father has the custody of the child. The author suggests that most responses were not informed ones, due to lack of information available to the public on surrogate parenting. It lacks a description of what were the issues surrounding the baby and reasons for disputes regarding custody.
605. Steinberg D. Research in Progress: A Report on Policies of Access to AID as a Medical Treatment in the UK. Women's Studies Int. forum. 1986;9(5):551-554.
DI, women, screening, prejudice.: DI, women, screening, prejudice.
This research report examines the policies that determine who is able to receive AID (DI) administered by doctors in medical clinics. It discusses the costs, screening for both donor and recipients and points out that there are prejudices against poor women and minorities, such as disabled, single women and homosexuals. In her opinion women come second in status both to the fetus and doctor. She also questions why DI is under medical jurisdiction when it does not require any particular expertise.
606. Steinbock B. Surrogate Motherhood as Prenatal Adoption. Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16((1-2) Spring):44-50.
Baby M case, surrogacy, moral aspects.: Baby M case, surrogacy, moral aspects.
The paper reports the case of Baby M in which the surrogate mother changes her mind about giving up the baby at birth, analysing the court case, criticizing its reasons and decision on giving custody to the biological father. It also discusses moral aspects of surrogacy and suggests that if there are evidences that surrogacy produces children with serious psychological problems, its practice should be banned.
607. Steptoe P. The Role of IVF in the Treatment of Infertility: Ethical and Legal Problems. Med. Sci. Law. 1986;26(2):82-84.
IVF, embryo transfer, ethics, surrogacy: IVF, embryo transfer, ethics, surrogacy.
The paper reports years of research and results in birth and pregnancy, using the IVF technique along with embryo transfer. According to the author, theere are basically four types of couples for which IVF is helpful, being those with failure of ovum pickup and transport, males with inadequate spermatogenesis and transport, unexplained infertility and those with combined factors of male and female origin.
608. Stewart D. Living with Infertility. Patient Management. 1986;15(June):97-106.
infertility, psychosocial, doctors, process, psychological, stress, counselling, family, pregnancy, social attitudes, couples, stigma, adult development, infertility societies, support groups: infertility, psychosocial, doctors, process, psychological, stress, counselling, family, pregnancy, social attitudes, couples, stigma, adult development, infertility societies, support groups.
This piece relates the personal experiences of the author in responding to and coming to terms with her infertility. It discusses experiences with doctors and her involvement in setting up the Auckland Infertility Society.
609. Stewart SG, Greer. Expectations and Coping of Women Undergoing IVF. Maternal-Child Nursing Journal. 1986;15(2):103-113.
IVF, cycles of IVF, pregnancy, husbands, embryo transfer.: IVF, cycles of IVF, pregnancy, husbands, embryo transfer.
Descriptive data were obtained from interviews with 3 women who completed and IVF cycle. Two women didn't become pregnant, and classified the second half of the cycle, between embryo transfer and pregnancy test, the most difficult time for them, they also felt that the IVF procedure was no worse in terms of physical comfort than anticipated. The women who became pregnant found that the first part of the cycle was the most difficult for her, with daily trips to hospital and uncomfortable procedures. The involvement of their husbands was of great assistance in coping with the IVF experience. Close contact with the members of the IVF team was beneficial to them all.
610. Stotland NLea. The New Reproductive Technologies. In: Van Hall EVE, W, ed. The Free Woman: Women's Health in the 1990s. Carnforth: Parthenon; 1989.
ART, fetus, birth, life, psychological aspects, women.: ART, fetus, birth, life, psychological aspects, women.
This book section discusses subjects related to reproductive technologies, approaching reproductive choice, in which the author states that children are the heirs of society, so therefore men, families and society in general are motivated to control women over their reproduction, fetal research and ethics. Psychological and social aspects and implications of these technologies are also discussed,with some anthropological approach to definition of birth and life.611. Stotland NL. Introduction and Overview (Psych Asp. of Reprod. Technology). In: Stotland NL, ed. Psychiatric Aspects of Reproductive Technology. Washington: Am Psychiatric Press; 1990.
IVF, psychiatric aspects, reproductive technology: IVF, psychiatric aspects, reproductive technology.
The author argues that babies conceived by IVFand other techniques appear grossly normal at birth and in early childhood, howeverit isn't known the long term effects of hormonal and surgical components used in this technique. Questions about the child's best interest are also raised, as well as ethical questions regarding access to psychotherapeutic treatment and the role of the psychiatrist.
612. Stratton P. Does surrogacy raise major psychological problems? Bulletin of the Society for Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 1990(December, 11).
surrogacy, motherhood, women, psychological, psychosocial, interests of child, couples: surrogacy, motherhood, women, psychological, psychosocial, interests of child, couples.
not seen.
613. Sverne T. Bio-technological developments and the law. International Social Science Journal. 1990;42(4):465-73.
law, Sweden, DI, commercialisation, single women, offspring, rights, research, genetic engineering: law, Sweden, DI, commercialisation, single women, offspring, rights, research, genetic engineering.
This article outlines the Swedish legislation in this area and the practice and availability of donors both prior to and after its implementation. It looks at a ruling which may release divorced social fathers from maintainence reqiuirements for DI children, commercialisation and prohibition of single women from ART's it also addresses issues of research and genetic engineering.
614. Taub N. Surrogacy: a preferred treatment for infertility? Law, Medicine and Health Care. 1988;16(1-2(Spring)):89-95.
surrogacy, infertility, causes of infertility, USA: surrogacy, infertility, causes of infertility, USA.
The paper claims that surrogacy would have a much greater pay-off if aimed more directly at the causes of infertility, discussing some causes of infertility such as pelvic inflamatory disease, iatrogenic infertility, surgical sterilisation, environamental and workplace hazards, lack of neonatal and prenatal care, and postponed child-bearing. The author suggests solutions for each of the causes of infertility in a social and cultural sense.
615. Taylor SE. Health Psychology. The Science And the Field. American Psychologist. 1990;45(1):40-50.
psychological, medical aspects, stress, coping skills, social support: psychological, medical aspects, stress, coping skills, social support.
This review of the health psychology field includes an overview of recent research into the effectiveness of various types of coping skills and professional interventions to assist people to cope better with noxious medical procedures. it also looks at the links between personality type, and coping with stress.
616. Terry NP. "Alas ! poor Yorick", I knew him ex utero: the regulation of embryo and fetal experimentation and disposal in England and the United States. Vanderbilt Law Review. 1986;39:419.
embryos, research, UK, USA, regulation, legilslation, law: embryos, research, UK, USA, regulation, legilslation, law.
not seen, See Mason, 1990.
617. Thomas AK. Human Embryo Experimentation and Surrogacy. The Medical Journal of Australia. 1990;153(October):369-371.
embryo, surrogacy, ethics, embryo experimentation.: embryo, surrogacy, ethics, embryo experimentation.
The paper discusses moral and ethical values regarding embryo experimentation and surrogacy. It approaches the status of the embryo, questions related to eugenics, time limit for experimenting with embryos and control of research. In considering surrogacy, the paper discusses its use as possible exploitation of women, downgrading of motherhood, and the psychological effects on the child.
618. Trainor B. Having or Not Having Babies - What Power Do Women Have? New Zealand Women's Studies Journal. 1988(March):44-72.
IVF, DI, rights, women, doctors, men, couples, lesbian, single women, feminism, medicalisation, NZ, history, UK, USA, medical aspects, infertility, contraception, abortion, Catholic, sexuality, identity, family, motherhood, fatherhood, pregnancy, success rates, stress, sperm banks, semen donors, STDs. HIV, psychological, practice, genetic screening: IVF, DI, rights, women, doctors, men, couples, lesbian, single women, feminism, medicalisation, NZ, history, UK, USA, medical aspects, infertility, contraception, abortion, Catholic, sexuality, identity, family, motherhood, fatherhood, pregnancy, success rates, stress, sperm banks, semen donors, STDs. HIV, psychological, practice, genetic screening.
This paper looks at a variety of aspects of human reproduction from a feminist perspective. It looks at the issues of infertility, IVF, DI and infertility treatment generally for women, and at the impact of these on their relationships with their partners. It looks at DI for lesbian and single women and at the development and practice of DI and IVF in the NZ context.
619. Trevelyan J. The birth of a specialism. Nursing Times. 1990;86(18).
ifertility, IVF, nurses, egg, embryo, UK.: ifertility, IVF, nurses, egg, embryo, UK.
The paper gives an estimate of 700 nurses working in area of infertility treatment in the UK. Although there is no counselling involved, nurses interview new patients, discuss and suggest the most suitable option.In general, they perform scans, post-coital and post-insemination tests, give injections and blood tests. On the IVF, nurses assist doctors in the collection of eggs and embryo replacement.
620. Trounson AW, C. In Vitro Fertilisation. The Medical Journal of Australia. 1987;146(April, 6.):338-340.
IVF, law, population, moral values, science, Australia: IVF, law, population, moral values, science, Australia.
This paper points out the benefits of IVF to couples ongoing infertility treatment, as well as to science and population in general. It criticises the australian law for misrepresenting the interests of the population regarding IVF.621. Trusted J. Gifts of Gametes: reflections about surrogacy. Journal of Applied Philosophy. 1986;3(1):123-6.
embryos, surrogacy, surrogates, couples, blood donation, rights, parenthood, motherhood, law, payment, organ donation: embryos, surrogacy, surrogates, couples, blood donation, rights, parenthood, motherhood, law, payment, organ donation.
This response to an earlier article by E. Page (1985) in the same journal disagrees with this author over the surrogacy contracts arguing that they should not be enforceable (among other reasons) on the grounds of the strength of the bond that is established between the gestating mother and the embryo.
622. Tyler JP, Dobler KJ, Driscoll GL, Steward GJ. The impact of AIDS on artificial insemination by donor. Clinical Reproductiona dnSterility. 1986;4:305-17.
HIV, DI, Australia: HIV, DI, Australia.
.
623. Tymstra T. The imperative character of medical technology and the meaningof "antecipated decision regret". Intl. J. of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 1989;5:207-213.
prevention of regret, IVF, medical technology.: prevention of regret, IVF, medical technology.
The article discusses the technological imperative with regards to patients. It attempts to discover relationships with decison theory, particularly concerning 'antecipated decision regret'. The fact that prevention of regret plays an important role int the use of medical technology is illustrated through a number of examples, including IVF. In the case of IVF, 805 of the subjects were in agreement to the statement that at least they have tried everything possible.
624. Umberson DG, Walter R. Parenthood and psychological well being. Journal of Family Issues. 1989;10( December, 4):440-462.
child, parenting, psychological well being, survey: child, parenting, psychological well being, survey.
The authors report results of a survey, designed with several dependent and independent variables, and presents the general hypothesis that children have a positive effect on the psychological well being of their parents in the context of parenting. Results suggest that children have both positive and negative effect, depending on residential status of the child, age, marital status of the parents and the particular dimension of well being examined.
625. United Kingdom. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act; 1990.
626. United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing MaHV, Working Group of the. Legislation in Human Infertility Services and Embryo Research: United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting; 1987.
627. United Kingdom Parliament. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill. London: HMSO; 1990.
628. United Nations. Convention on the rights of the child. New York: United Nations; 1989.
629. United States Federal Trade Commission OoCaBE, Bureau of Consumer Protection. Facts for consumers: infertility services. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office; 1990.
630. Utian WHea. Preliminary Experience with IVF -Surrogate Gestational Pregnancy. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(4):633-638.
IVF, surrogacy, infertile couple, surrogate mother.: IVF, surrogacy, infertile couple, surrogate mother.
The paper reports follow-up details of a first case of IVF-Surrogacy , summarising clinical experience and outcome of all patients involved. The infertile couple and the surrogate mother were submitted to psychiatric evaluation yearly for the first two years and then two years later they were contacted by telephone. According to the author, all the reports were favourable. Recommendations are made regarding ethical and legal aspects, to couples interested in entering a surrogacy contract.631. Valentine DP. Psychoogical Impact of Infertility: Identifying Issues and Needs. Social Work & Health Care. 1986;11(4):61-69.
infertile couples, infertility, stressors.: infertile couples, infertility, stressors.
A semi-structured interview was utilised to explore the impact of infertility in 26 persons. They reported emotional reactions such as sadness, depression, anger, confusion, hurt, embarassament, desperation and humiliation. The lenght of time of infertility reported ranged from 3 to 11 years. Among the multiple stressors , it was mentioned complaints against medical and health professionals; comments from family members,friends and acquaintances; the stigma of childlessness and also the marital relationship. It is suggested that appropriate and relevant support, information and procedures are essential to promote adaptation and healthy resolution to the conflicts surrounding infertility.
632. Van Hall E. The gynaecologist and artificial reproduction. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989?;4:317-20.
doctors, assisted reproduction, practice: doctors, assisted reproduction, practice.
not seen.
633. Van Wyck C. Introduction to the Framework and Functions of Law in South Africa. Medicine and Law. 1990;9:1110-1121.
law, assisted reproduction technologies, child, South Africa, husband, DI, donor, surrogate mother, genetic manipulation,South Africa.: law, assisted reproduction technologies, child, South Africa, husband, DI, donor, surrogate mother, genetic manipulation,South Africa.
The author discusses the role of law regarding assisted reproduction technologies in south Africa, pointing out that a child born of DI is the legitimate child of the couple when the husband has given consent, and that the surrogate mother is the legal mother of the child. The Human Tissue Act is also mentioned and prohibits payment of tissues or gametes, the use of gonads for procreation after the death of the donor and regulates the questions of rights to tissue and gametes in the case of deceased donors, and also genetic maniulation.
634. Vatican. Statement on Assisted Human Reproduction; 1987.
635. Walker AG, Sue; McLaughlin, Eileen. Attitudes Towards Donor Insemination - a Post-Warnock Survey. Human Reproduction. 1987;2(8):745-750.
DI, donor: DI, donor.
patients, donors and health care professionals were asked to respond a questionnaire regarding their attitudes towards current DI services and proposed legislation. The anonymous status of the donor met universal agreement, there was no support for legislation which might give the DI child a right to access the details of the donor. In respect of specific recommendations of the Warnock Committee, there was support for change which might legitimise or assist the present system.
636. Walter LR. Test-tube babies: Ethical considerations. Clinics in Perinatology. 1987;14(2):271-280.
IVF, embryo transfer, ethics.: IVF, embryo transfer, ethics.
The essay is based on 15 statements by medical, religious or publicly appointed bodies on IVF and embryo transfer, from 1979 to 1985, in order to analyse the ethical and public policy issues raised by these statements. The author concludes that the statements accent the need to protect prospective social parents, offspring, third parties, and society as a whole.
637. Walters L. Ethics and New Reproductive Technologies: An International Review of Committee Statements. Hastings Center Report. 1987(June):3-9.
guidelines, IVF, surrogacy, family, embryos, research, USA, Germany, ethics, Australia, NZ, UK, Japan, Canada, France, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Catholic, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Third World Congress, policy, social attitudes, couples, lesbian, single women, cryopreservation, eugenics, egg donation, ET, law, payment, commercialisation, opennesss, regulation: guidelines, IVF, surrogacy, family, embryos, research, USA, Germany, ethics, Australia, NZ, UK, Japan, Canada, France, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Catholic, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Third World Congress, policy, social attitudes, couples, lesbian, single women, cryopreservation, eugenics, egg donation, ET, law, payment, commercialisation, opennesss, regulation.
This paper looks at the responses of various governmental and non-governmenal committees internationally on issues of surrogacy, embryo research, IVF, and embryo research. Is supportive of the value of the contributions of these committees.
638. Walters LR. Ethical Aspects of the New Reproductive Technologies. Annals New York Academy of Sciences. 1988(Part XIV: Ethcis , Law and Policy):646-663.
IVF, surrogacy, embryo freezing, public opinion: IVF, surrogacy, embryo freezing, public opinion.
This paper is a report of 74 american committee statements on reproductive technologies, issued between 1979 and 1987. Ethical aspects of clinical IVF techniques, embryo freeezing, surrogate motherhood were discussed considering the public opinion.
639. Walters WAW. Ethical aspects of surrogacy. Aust. NZ J Obst Gyneacol. 1989;29(3(2)):322-325.
ART,surrogacy, ethics, infertility, couples,Australia: ART,surrogacy, ethics, infertility, couples,Australia.
The author argues on ethical issues related to surrogacy, suggesting its approval in circumstances where the particularities of the case warrants this approach to reproduction. Despite recent and impending legislation to prohibit commercial surrogacy in some States of Australia, unofficial and and anedoctal reports from medical practitioners in the area of ART, indicate an increasing number of requests for surrogacy and increasing referral of infertile couples to the USA for commercial surrogacy arrangements.
640. Weaver DDELF. Twenty four ways to have children. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1987;26:737-740.
conception, infertility, ART, male, female.: conception, infertility, ART, male, female.
The authors present tables on usual and never used methods of conception, including ARTs methods, together with indications for use and options available, considering male and female infertility.641. Wellsmore H. The Historical Devlopment of the Discussion of Ethical Issues Associated with the Use of Donor Sperm; 1990.
642. Western Australia LA. Report of the Select Committee appointed to inquire into the Reproductive Technology Working Party's Report.: Western Australia Legislative Assembly; 1988.
643. Wettstein RM, Puma JL, Schiedermayer DL, Grover JL. Surrogating parenting contracts. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;163(2):679-70.
surrogacy, contracts, parenthood, motherhood, doctors, ethics, commercialisation, organ donation: surrogacy, contracts, parenthood, motherhood, doctors, ethics, commercialisation, organ donation.
This response to an earlier article by La Puma et al., argues for surrogacy. The original authors rebutt this on the grounds that surrogacy is not a medidal treatment.
644. Whiteford LM, Poland ML. New Approaches to Human Reproduction. Social and Ethical Dimensions. Boulder, USA: Westview Press; 1989.
645. Wilson A. A Consumer Viewpoint. Presented at the British Infertility Counselling Association Northern Study Day; York District Hospital; 1990.
infertility, National Association for the Childless, UK, lobbying, support, social attitudes: infertility, National Association for the Childless, UK, lobbying, support, social attitudes.
A brief outline of the National Association for the Childless, its history and its activities.
646. Winston R. Infertility. A Sympathetic Approach. London: Martin Dunitz; 1986.
medical aspects, doctors, couples, infertility, psychological, stress, psychosocial, IVF, family, pregnancy rates, drugs, male infertility, female infertility, sterilisation, DI, adoption, surrogacy, pregnancy, abortion, contraception, multiple pregnancy, sperm quality, psychosocial: medical aspects, doctors, couples, infertility, psychological, stress, psychosocial, IVF, family, pregnancy rates, drugs, male infertility, female infertility, sterilisation, DI, adoption, surrogacy, pregnancy, abortion, contraception, multiple pregnancy, sperm quality, psychosocial.
This book written by a leading gynecologist, wrriting for infertile couples looks predominantly at the medical aspect of infertility and the various options available for treatment, abut also addresses psychosocial concerns.
647. Winston RML. Why a ban on embryo research would be a tragedy. British Medical Journal. 1987;295:1501.
IVF, research, embryos, law, legislation, prohibition, UK: IVF, research, embryos, law, legislation, prohibition, UK.
not seen, See Mason, 1990.
648. Woliver L. The deflective power of reproductive technologies: the impact on women. Women & Politics. 1989;9(3):17-47.
ART,surrogate motherhood, women, maternity: ART,surrogate motherhood, women, maternity.
The author discusses reproductive technologies and its impact on women's experience of mothernity and childbirth. By increasing medical intervention, ARTs decrease women's options and control over maternity. She criticises the use of ARTs as a proposed 'cure' for infertility problems, considering that the actual causes are overlooked. Baby M case is used to ilustrate how ARTs can belittle women's experience of maternity in an arrangement of surrogacy.
649. Woliver LR. Reproductive Technologies and Surrogacy: Policy Concerns for Women. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1990;8(2):185-94.
surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction: surrogacy, contracts, policy, women, technology, assisted reproduction.
in library.
650. Women's Affairs Mo. Survey of ART services available in New Zealand at November 1990: Ministry of Women's Affairs; 1990.651. Wortman CD, Silver RC. The myths of coping with loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57:349-57.
process, stress, psychological, psychosocial: process, stress, psychological, psychosocial.
not seen. Emphasises that models of grief process have no empirical backing, and notes the dangers of expecting people to go through rigidly defined stages. See Reading 1991.
652. Wright M. Surrogacy and Adoption: Problems and Possibilities. Family Law. 1986;16:109-13.
surrogacy, adoption, law, UK, couples, interests of child, payment, social attitudes, contracts, IVF, DI, semen donors, paternity, parenthood, motherhood, doctors, counselling, rights, openness, anonymity, prohibition, legislation: surrogacy, adoption, law, UK, couples, interests of child, payment, social attitudes, contracts, IVF, DI, semen donors, paternity, parenthood, motherhood, doctors, counselling, rights, openness, anonymity, prohibition, legislation.
This paper is critical of the Warnock commissions recommendations on surrogacy. It argues for changes in adoption legislation so that surrogacy offspring can have same rights and access to information as adopted children. Looks at information sharing and paternity issues. Looks at various cases involving surrogacy in the UK.
653. Wright J, Allard M, Lecours A, Sabourin S. Psychosocial Distress and Infertility: A Review of Controlled Research. International Journal of Fertility. 1989;34(2):126-42.
psychosocial, stress, infertility, gender, counselling: psychosocial, stress, infertility, gender, counselling.
This paper reviews 30 studies which look at the relationship between psychosocial stress and infertility. It concludes that there is inadequate proof of one way causal relations in either direction. It is, however, observable that infertile couples do exhibit more stress, and that females experience more stress than males. It recommends further research areas.
654. Younger JB. Truth in advertising. Fertility and Sterility. 1989;52(5):726-7.
advertising, doctors, USA, clinics, practice, couples, IVF, economics: advertising, doctors, USA, clinics, practice, couples, IVF, economics.
This paper discusses and gives examples of misleading advertising used by doctors and clinics which provide ARTs. It notes the effect of removing restrictions on doctors advertising in the USA on 1982.
655. Yoxen E. Unnatural Selection? coming to terms with the new genetics. London: Heinemann; 1986.
assisted reproduction, social attitudes, DI, history, secrecy, IVF, surrogacy, pregnany, genetic engineering, ethics, technology, family, UK, embryos: assisted reproduction, social attitudes, DI, history, secrecy, IVF, surrogacy, pregnany, genetic engineering, ethics, technology, family, UK, embryos.
This book looks at the developing field of ART and the moral and social implications of the new technologies, arguing for their continued use and the acceptance of new forms of family.
656. Zoldbrod AP. The Emotional Distress of the Artificial Insemination Patient. Medical Psychotherapy. 1988;1:161-72.
psychosocial, stress, DI, couples, sexuality, practice, doctor patient relations, psychological, age, support groups, counselling, women, family, practice, process: psychosocial, stress, DI, couples, sexuality, practice, doctor patient relations, psychological, age, support groups, counselling, women, family, practice, process.
This paper discusses the stresses associated with infertility and DI for couples. Looks at the ways in which they perceive their relationships with docotrs, the way doctors can help and at the role of support groups.