Keywords: couples, psychosocial, gender, infertility, counselling, theory, USA.
This study investigated the impact that infertility had in terms of depression and marital strain on 185 infertile and 95 presumed fertile couple in the US. Infertile wives in comparision to their husbands felt more stressed, felt more responsible for and in control of their infertility, and engaged in more problem-focused coping. Infertile husbands experienced more stress in their home life than their wives. These differences were not found in the presumed fertile couples. Theoretical and counselling issues are discussed.
2. Abbey A, Andrews FM, Halman LJ. Gender's Role in Responses to Infertility. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 1991;15:295-316.
Keywords: couples, psychosocial, gender, infertility, counselling, theory, USA.
This study investigated the impact that infertility had in terms of depression and marital strain on 185 infertile and 95 presumed fertile couple in the US. Infertile wives in comparision to their husbands felt more stressed, felt more responsible for and in control of their infertility, and engaged in more problem-focused coping. Infertile husbands experienced more stress in their home life than their wives. These differences were not found in the presumed fertile couples. Theoretical and counselling issues are discussed.
3. Achilles R. Protection from What? The Secret Life of Donor Insemination. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):171-2.
Keywords: secrecy, donor insemination, rights, anonymity, sexuality, male infertility, family, parenthood, North America.
This response to Daniel and Taylors article in the same volume, supports being open with children and their DI origins. Issues of male and female sexuality are raised and support is given for a redefinition of fatherhood that recognises the difference between the genetic and social fathers.
4. Achilles R. Protection from What? The Secret Life of Donor Insemination. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):171-2.
Keywords: secrecy, donor insemination, rights, anonymity, sexuality, male infertility, family, parenthood, North America.
This response to Daniel and Taylors article in the same volume, supports being open with children and their DI origins. Issues of male and female sexuality are raised and support is given for a redefinition of fatherhood that recognises the difference between the genetic and social fathers.
5. American Fertility Society. Revised guidelines for the use of semen donor insemination. Fertility and Sterility. 1991;56(3):396.
Keywords: AFS, guidelines, revised, DI, donors, screening etc.
6. American Fertility Society. Guidelines for gamete donation. Fertility and Sterility. 1993;59(Supplement 1).
7. Anonymous. Human egg bank set up in Australia. The Press. Christchurch; 1994.
8. Austria. Federal Law on Medically Assisted Procreation,. In: Nationalrat D, ed. (275 Bundesgesetz, mit dem Regelungen uber die medizinisch unterstutzte Fortpflanzung getroffen sowie das allgemeinen burgerliche Gesetzbuch, das Ehegesetz und die Jurisdiktionsnorm geandert werden, Bundesgesetzblatt fźr die Republik …sterreich). Austria: National Council; 1992.
9. Barratt CLR, Cooke ID. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: C.U.P.; 1993.
10. Barratt CLR. Donor recruitment, selection and screening. In: Barratt CLR, Cooke ID, eds. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993.
Keywords: donors, recruitment, selection, screening, UK, regulation.
This article discusses how potential semen donors are recruited and screened for various genetic diseases. It compares the American Fertility Society approach with UK approach. It urges that more care be taken in screening. It also argues that regional recruitment centres should be established to conteract decreasing donor numbers in the UK, associated with the move to favouring the recruitment of older men with families.11. Becker G. Ambiguous Responsibility in the Doctor-Patient Relationship: The Case of Infertility. Social Science and Medicine. 1991;32(8):875-85.
12. Bielawska-Batorowicz E. Not Ready for Openess: Donor Insemination in Poland. Politics and Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):173-4.
Keywords: secrecy, social attitudes, donor insemination, policy, counselling.
This response to Daniel and Taylors earlier article in the same volume favours increasing openess in giving children access to information about donors. The author notes however that in Poland there is much opposition to DI and that a change in social attitudes needs to take place before legislation can be implemented with regard to DI and secrecy. Gives some preliminary results of interviews with couples - their reactions to the idea of openness indicate there is much more work to be done yet.
13. Blacksell S, Phillips DR. The Nature and provision of infertility counselling in IVF centres in the UK, 1990: Institute of Population Studies, University of Exeter; 1991.
14. Blood J. Sperm donors - survey of attitudes to information sharing and maintenance of central register. Oral presentation at the XIth Annual Scientific Meeting of the Fertility Society of Australia's, Adelaide, December 2-5.; 1992.
15. Blyth E. Infertility and Assisted Reproduction: Practice Issues for Counsellors. In: Reproduction BPGoA, ed. Birmingham: British Association of Social Workers; 1991.
16. Bonnicksen AL. Human Embryos and Genetic Testing. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1992;11(1):53-62.
17. Bordson BL, Leonardo VS. The appropriate upper age limit for semen donors: a review of the genetic effects of paternal age. Fertility and Sterility. 1991;56(3):397-401.
18. British Andrology Society. British Andrology Society guidelines for the screening of semen donors for donor insemination. Human Reproduction. 1993;8(9):1521-1523.
19. Bryson L. Welfare and the State: Who Benefits? London: MacMillan; 1992.
20. Burfoot A. DI or DIY (Do It Yourself)? Missing Elements in the Donor Insemination Secrecy/ Openness Debate. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):174-6.
Keywords: secrecy, gender, reproductive rights, infertility, donor insemination, law, single and lesbian women.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume supports increasing openess with regard to offsprings' access to information about donors but raises sociolegal and social value concerns with regard to gender. The reproductive rights of women whether they are married or unmarried are upheld, and the role that DI plays in protecting males from the shame of infertility is brought into question.21. Bygedeman M. The Swedish Insemination Act. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1991;70(4-5):265-6.
Keywords: Sweden, legislations, insemination act, donors, recruitment, methods, secrecy, records, anonymity, psychosocial, recipients, numbers of donors, impact of legislation.
Describes main statutes of the Swedish Insemination Act. Describes regulaitns of the National Board of Health and Welfare in relation to AI. Mentions psychosocial factors e.g. secrecy, records) Outlines pre-1985 donor situation and number of births, couples, then 1988-89 - impact of the legislation. Concludes shortage of donors can be overcome through greater effort on the part of hospitals.
22. Centola GM. American organization of sperm banks. In: Barratt CLR, Cooke ID, eds. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993.
Keywords: American Fertility Society, standards, guidelines, practice, screening, policies, licensing, OTA, private practice.
Briefly outlines history of standards, screening, practices. Examine results of 1986/87 OTA survey of sperm banks. Concludes that AFS and AATB guidelines have had little effect on smaller "office-based" sperm banking facilities. But moves towards national guidelines or licensing could lead to closure of these. However, this would lead to better service and would protect practitioners from liability.
23. Chapman SP, Crittenden JA. Optimising a donor insemination program: the donor perspective. Oral presentation at the XIth Annual Scientific Meeting of the Fertility Society of Australia, Adelaide, December 2-5, 1992.; 1992.
24. Collins A, Freeman EW, Boxer AS, Tureck R. Perceptions of Infertility and Treatment Stress in Females as Compared to Males Entering In Vitro Fertilization Treatment. Fertility and Sterility. 1992;57(2):350-6.
Keywords: Infertility, Stress, Gender, IVF.
This study investigates gender differences with regard to perceptions of infertility, and stress resulting from IVF treatment. It was undertaken on 200 couples applying for acceptance into an IVF programme. It found that women anticipated more stress in IVF programmes but related that they received a greater degree of social support. It notes that certain factors are associated with IVF being stressful for a couple, the major one being a couples' strong desire to have a child.
25. Collins A, Freeman EW, Boxer AS, Tureck R. Perceptions of Infertility and Treatment Stress in Females as Compared to Males Entering In Vitro Fertilization Treatment. Fertility and Sterility. 1992;57(2):350-6.
Keywords: Infertility, Stress, Gender, IVF.
This study investigates gender differences with regard to perceptions of infertility, and stress resulting from IVF treatment. It was undertaken on 200 couples applying for acceptance into an IVF programme. It found that women anticipated more stress in IVF programmes but related that they received a greater degree of social support. It notes that certain factors are associated with IVF being stressful for a couple, the major one being a couples' strong desire to have a child.
26. Condon M, Harrison K. Sperm donors: attitudes to openness of information to recipient couples. Oral presentation at the XIth Annual Scientific Meeting of the Fertility Society of Australia, Adelaide, December 2-5.; 1992.
27. Condon M, Harrison K. Sperm donors: what they want to know concerning recipient couples and possible children. Oral presentation at the XIth Annual Scientific Meeting of the Fertility Society of Australia, Adelaide, December 2-5.; 1992.
28. Connolly KJ, Edelmann RJ, Cooke ID, Robson J. The impact of infertility on psychological functioning. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1992;36(5):459-468.
Keywords: couples, psychological, infertility, social support, gender, relationship, male infertility, donor insemination.
entry not yet complete.
29. Cook R. The relationship between sex role and emotional functioning in patients undergoing assisted conception. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1993;14(1):31-40.
Keywords: sex roles, infertility, sexuality, couples, psychosocial.
This study investigated the differences between women and men involved in assisted conception procedures in terms of whether they held to traditional or non-differentiated sex roles. It found that men who held to non-differentiated sex-roles were more likely to be anxious and depressed about infertility and assisted conception procedures, while women who held to traditional sex-roles were more likely to be anxious and depressed about these subjects.
30. Cooke I. Developments in donor insemination and the law in the UK. In: Barratt CLR, Cooke ID, eds. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: C.U.P.; 1993.
Keywords: regulation, donor insemination, standards, records, screening, law.
This article outlines the recent changes in the law with regard to DI (and other ART procedures) in the UK resulting from the HFEA Act and describes the Cade of Practice of this new authority. It comments that while these changes may result in higher standards and better in service provision, they may also close many clinics who can not meet the new requirements. The author considers that if the changes reduce the accessibility of DI for the average person then they will have been counter-productive.31. Cooke ID. Secrecy, Openess, and DI in the UK. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):176-7.
Keywords: education, social attitudes, donor insemination, secrecy, policy, regulation, legislation, counselling,.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's earlier article in the same volume outlines the legal position, and current regulatory practices regarding DI in the UK. It is noted that public attitudes to DI are changing and greater openess about this process is being encouraged. The author is however currently opposed to legislation which would allow DI children to have access to the identity of their donor on maturity, because he believes that such legislation would result in a decline in donations being made.
32. Cooke ID. Concluding remarks. In: Barratt CLR, Cooke ID, eds. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: C.U.P.; 1993.
Keywords: donors, recruitment, selection, screening, demographics, France, UK, US, sperm quality, recipients, counselling,.
This chapter notes the differences between French, and UK and US selection and screening procedures for donors, and comments favourably on the French emphasis on not screening on genetic grounds but only recruiting from married men. It notes the importance of female fertility in the success of DI. It encourages better statistical analysis in DI research. It also notes that since UK law requires that couples having DI must have counselling, that training of infertility counsellors and procedures for such counselling need to be developed.
33. Cooke S. Counselling in donor insemination. In: Barratt CLR, Cooke ID, eds. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: C.U.P.; 1993.
Keywords: counselling, infertility, adoption, DI, couples, donors.
This article addresses counselling issues in relation to both male and female partners, and in relation to the donor. For the couples it looks at counselling for infertility separately from counselling for DI and addresses medical options, and non-DI options such as adoption, fostering, and acceptance of childlessness. It advocates greater openess about DI with children and greater emphasis on the role of the donor.
34. Craib I. Modern Social Theory. From Parsons to Habermas. New York: St. Martin's Press; 1992.
35. Curson R, Daniels KR. Recruiting semen donors without offering financial incentives. under editorial review. 1994*.
Keywords: recruitment, payment, demographics, motivation.
Reports the KC clinic's recruitment of donors through media and their support group. Demographics of the donors are analysed. Puts forward the idea that men can be reached without financial incentive.
36. Daniels KR. Relationships between Semen Donors and their Networks. Australian Social Work. 1991;44(1):29-35.
Keywords: donors attitudes, doctors, networks, social support, Australia, donor experience, single women, lesbians, social attitudes.
This article outlines the relationship between donors and their networks by presenting theresults of a survey of Australian donors. It shows that these donors valued interactive relationships in their networks, and were generally positive about the service they received from medical practitioners. It notes the extent to which donors told others about their involvement and the relatively low level of enbthusiasm for their involvement from their wives and partners. It looks at donor attitudes to who they believed should be have access to their gametes, and on the number of offspring that should be permitted from any one donor.
37. Daniels K. Relationships between Semen Donors and their Networks. Australian Social Work. 1991;44(1):29-35.
Keywords: donors attitudes, doctors, networks, social support, Australia, donor experience, single women, lesbians, social attitudes.
This article outlines the relationship between donors and their networks by presenting theresults of a survey of Australian donors. It shows that these donors valued interactive relationships in their networks, and were generally positive about the service they received from medical practitioners. It notes the extent to which donors told others about their involvement and the relatively low level of enbthusiasm for their involvement from their wives and partners. It looks at donor attitudes to who they believed should be have access to their gametes, and on the number of offspring that should be permitted from any one donor.
38. Daniels K, Taylor K. Surrogacy: The Private Troubles and Public Issues. Community Mental Health in New Zealand. 1991;6(2):28-50.
Keywords: surrogacy, couples, birth mother, rights of children, social attitudes, NZ, social work, psychosocial, infertility, media.
This article outlines the private experience and public issues in volved in surrogacy. It argues that surrogacy is not just a private arrangement between consenting adults; because children are involved it becomes a societal issue with a public dimension. It argues that social workers have a role in assisting both those directly involved in surrogacy arrangements, and those concerned with policy development in this area.
39. Daniels KR. Management of the psychosocial aspects of infertility. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1992;32(1):57-63.
Keywords: infertility, psychosocial, counselling.
40. Daniels K, Caldwell J. Assisted Reproduction and the Law: Implications for Policy. In: Henaghan M, Atkin B, eds. Family Law Policy in New Zealand. Auckland: Oxford University Press; 1992.
Keywords: law, legislation, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, NZ, parenthood, childrens rights, ethics, embryo.
This chapter outlines the legal issues relating to ART's in New Zealand. It looks at NZ legislation in relation to that of other countries on such issues as surrogacy, protection of the embryo, regulation of parenthood and state funding of assisted reproduction.41. Daniels KR. Management of the psychosocial aspects of infertility. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1992;32(1):57-63.
Keywords: infertility, psychosocial, counselling, social workers, doctors, health professionals, counselling, stress, couples, social support, semen donors, interests of the child, assisted reproduction, psychological, clinics, practice.
This paper looks at some of the psychosocial issues involved in infertility. It presents a systems perspective, and considers the role played by the couple, donor, and offspring. It looks at teamwork in the treatment of infertility by groups of professionals and outlines particular issues of importance for individuals, relationships and treatment staff.
42. Daniels K. The UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority - One Year On. Newsletter of The Fertility Society of Australia. 1992;25:4-5.
Keywords: UK, assisted reproduction, legislation, regulation, records, counselling, liscensing, ethics, rights of children.
This article reports outlines the activities of the HFEA in the UK in designing a regulatory system for ART practice. It looks at the Authorities approach to record keeping, liscensing, fee setting, counselling, treatment and its concerns with social and ethical issues and with the welfare of children. It notes that the council is generally approved of.
43. Daniels KR. Infertility Counselling: The Need for a Psychosocial Perspective. British Journal of Social Work. 1993;23(5):501-15.
Keywords: counselling, infertility, support groups, professions.
This paper argues for a psychosocial perspective on infertility counselling in which the social issues are given greater emphasis than they are being given currently. A case study is used to explore a variety of psychosocial issues realating to infertility and to make suggestions with regard to responses that can be made to these issues.
44. Daniels KR. Moving towards openness in donor insemination: variations on a theme. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):200-3.
Keywords: donor insemination, secrecy, family, social attitudes, physicians, legislation.
This article is a summary of a series of articles which were responding to an earlier 'thinkpiece' co-authored by this author; 'Secrecy and Openess in Donor Insemination'. This article outlines the contributions made under four main headings: attitudes to the family, social attitudes, dominance of the medical profession and secrecy as a legislative issue.
45. Daniels KR. Infertility Counselling: The Need for a Psychosocial Perspective. British Journal of Social Work. 1993;23(5):501-15.
Keywords: counselling, infertility, support groups, professions.
This paper argues for a psychosocial perspective on infertility counselling in which the social issues are given greater emphasis than they are being given currently. A case study is used to explore a variety of psychosocial issues realating to infertility and to make suggestions with regard to responses that can be made to these issues.
46. Daniels KR, Taylor K. Secrecy and openness in donor insemination. Politics & the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):155-170.
Keywords: secrecy, openness, donors, recipients, offspring, families, practice, policy, doctors, adoption, regulation, rights, anonymity,.
Explores the issues surrounding the notions of secrecy and openness in DI. Secrecy in DI is placed in its historical context, with an outline of some of the main reasons it has been advocated. Openness is then introduced and some of the arguments for a more open approach presented. Outlines responses of various governments and social policy implications. It is concluded that more openness would be advantageous to all of those involved. Couples, professionals, and policymakers are therefore urged to re-examine their views about the need for maintaining secrecy in this area.
47. Daniels KR, Taylor K. Secrecy and openness in donor insemination. Politics & the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):155-170.
Keywords: secrecy, openness, donors, recipients, offspring, families, practice, policy, doctors, adoption, regulation, rights, anonymity,.
Explores the issues surrounding the notions of secrecy and openness in DI. Secrecy in DI is placed in its historical context, with an outline of some of the main reasons it has been advocated. Openness is then introduced and some of the arguments for a more open approach presented. Outlines responses of various governments and social policy implications. It is concluded that more openness would be advantageous to all of those involved. Couples, professionals, and policymakers are therefore urged to re-examine their views about the need for maintaining secrecy in this area.
48. Daniels KR, Stjerna I. Infertility: the social work contribution. Socionomen. 1993;6(2 (Research suppl no 3)):41-46.
Keywords: infertility, social work, psychosocial, multidisciplinary teams, crisis, relationship model, adoption, policy, family-centred.
Overview article which is concerned with stimulating debate about the psychosocial aspects of infertility and also aims to highlight the contribution that social workers can make to this field.
49. Daniels K, Taylor K. Formulating Selection Policies for Assisted Reproduction. Social Science and Medicine. 1993;37(12):1473-1480.
Keywords: selection, assessment, assisted reproduction, social attitudes, doctors.
This paper addresses one of the most important problems in the area of assisted reproduction, namely the selection policies used by the providers of the services. Some of the difficulties involved in formulating policies in this area are outlined. The paper concludes that public involvement in decision making in this area is vital, and that to facilitate this the issues must be opened up to public scrutiny and debate. Such debate would be a significant first step towards the implementation of policies which reflect the opinion of the entire comminity rather than just the professionals who provide the service, or sectional groups who manage to influecce the professionals.
50. Daniels KR. Adoption and Donor Insemination: Factors Influencing Couples' Choices. Child Welfare. 1994;73(1):5-14.
Keywords: Donor Insemination, Adoption, Male Infertility, Law, Bonding, Pregnancy, Social Expectations.
The increasing availability of DI means that many couples faced with male infertility are preferring DI to adoption. The results of a study of 54 New Zealand couples are presented qualitatively and quantitatively. Most of these couples considered adoption prior to deciding to utilise DI instead. This article looks at the perceived disadvantages of adoptions and the perceived advantages of DI and discusses the implications of these perceptions.51. Daniels K. The Swedish Insemination Act and its Impact. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1994;34(4):437-9.
Keywords: secrecy, Sweden, New Zealand, law, education, policy, doctors, donors.
This paper outlines the openness provision of the 1985 Swedish Insemination Law, the doctors reactions to it and the effect of it on DI offspring. It also discusses the effect of the law on the number of men donating.
52. Daniels KR, Lewis GM, Gillett WR. Telling DI offspring the nature of their conception: The nature of couples' decision making. Social Science & Medicine. 1994.
Keywords: couples, secrecy, psychosocial, dynamics, gender,.
53. Daniels KR, Curson R, Lewis GM. Recruiting semen donors - a comparison of two London clinics. not yet submitted - 8/94. 1994*.
54. Daniels KR, Lewis GM. Donor insemination - the gifting and selling of semen. Social Science & Medicine. 1995;forthcoming.
55. Daniels KR. Information sharing in DI - a conflict of needs and rights. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 1995;4:217-24.
Keywords: psychosocial, secrecy, Sweden, UK, Australia, NZ, psychological, rights, semen donors, DI, couples, interests of child, offspring, law, policy, records, openness, telling the child, anonymity, doctors, legislation, ethics, social attitudes, Maori, blood bond, family, parenthood, education, policy.
This paper focus is on the psychosocial and ethical aspects of information sharing between participants in Donor Insemination (DI). It outlines who these participants are, the roles that they have traditionally played in this procedure, and the sorts of information that have been shared between these participants. It looks at how the participants can claim to have rights to either gain access to or to not reveal certain categories of information and at how these rights can come into conflict. It outlines how these issues have been responded to in various countries and at the effect that legislation and participants attitudes have had on the patterns of information sharing.
56. Daniels KR. Cambridge Journal. forthcoming.
57. Daniels KR, Lewis GM, Curson R. Information sharing in donor insemination - the views of donors. Social Sciences & Medicine. forthcoming.
58. Daniels KR, Curson R, Lewis GM. Donor insemination families: donors' views. Journal of Child & Family Social Work. forthcoming.
59. Daniels KR, Lewis G. Donor Insemination: The Gifting and Selling of Semen. . under review.
60. Edelmann R, Cook R. Infertility Counselling and Psychological Aspects of Infertility. A Selected Bibliography. In: Association BIC, ed. York, UK: BICA; 1994.61. Federation CECOS, LeLannou D, Lansac J. Artificial procreation with frozen donor semen: the French experience of CECOS. In: Barratt CLR, Cooke ID, eds. Donor Insemination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993.
Keywords: France, donors, frozen semen, regulation, CECOS, recruitment, payment, selection, testing, storage, recipients, demographics, pregnancy rates, outcomes.
A description of the regulations of CECOS and a summary of the collected results.
62. Fox RC, Swazey JP. Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society. N.Y.: Oxford University Press; 1992.
Keywords: organ donation, gift, commercialism, altruism.
Has chapters on organ transplantation as gift exchange; and the theme of the "gift". Mauss' work is examined, past and current practice and policy in the procurement and provision of organs, they gift dynamics for the individuals involved and the societal implications. The authors had written an earlier book entitled "The Courage to Fail. A Social View of Organ Transplants and Dialysis". They believe that the giving and receiving of a gift of enormous value is the most significant meaning of human organ transplantation.
63. Golombok S. Psychological functioning in infertility patients. Human Reproduction. 1992;7(2):208-212.
Keywords: infertility, reproductive technologies, psychosocial, IVF, donor insemination, anxiety, depression.
This review notes that their has been little research into the efficacy of various types of counselling from the consumers points of view, or of the effect of anxiety on the success of ARTs. It notes that depression and anger are common among couples who have experienced unsuccessful IVF treatments. It also addresses issues of what the effect of telling or not telling ART children about their origins has on them. It then looks at the issue of ART treatments for lesbian and single women.
64. Golombok S, Cook R. A survey of semen donation: phase I-the view of UK licensed centres. Human Reproduction. 1994;9(5):882-888.
Keywords: semen donors, UK, screening, recruitment, payment, motivation, HFEA.
It has been suggested that the implementation of the HFEAct in the UK may have had a detrimental effect on the supply of semen donors. ...Results of the survey demonstrate that while the number of centres recruiting donors and the number of men offering to be donors have increased in recent years, this has not resulted in an increased supply of donors. Reasons for these findings are discussed in the light of the Human FE Authority regulations relating to semen donation.
65. Golombok S, Cook R. A survey of semen donation: phase II - WAITING FOR CORRECT TITLE AND DETAILS. Human Reproduction ?? 1994.
66. Haimes E. Gamete donation and the management of genetic origins. In: Stacey M, ed. Changing Human Reproduction. London: Sage; 1992.
Keywords: sociological, policy, gamete donation.
entry incomplete.
67. Haimes E. Gamete donation and the management of genetic origins. In: Stacey M, ed. Changing Human Reproduction. London: Sage; 1992.
Keywords: sociological, policy, gamete donation.
entry incomplete.
68. Haimes E. Secrecy and Openess in Donor Insemination: A Sociological Comment on Daniels and Taylor. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):178-9.
Keywords: secrecy, donor insemination, family, gender, social attitudes, history.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume supports their argument for greater openess in regards to DI. The author however problematises the dominance of the'normal' heterosexual family viewpoint, and questions; whether non-DI families do operate on the basis of trust and openess, and if they do, whether this is entirely a 'good' thing. She calls for a greater examination of such concepts as anonymity, confidentiality, privacy, and of the context in which they are used.
69. Haimes E. Issues of gender in gamete donation. Social Science and Medicine. 1993;36(1):85-93.
Keywords: gender, gamete donation, policy, semen, oocytes, Committees, Warnock, motivations, altruism, sexuality.
This article presents the results of an analysis of the Warnock report and interviews of members of the commission that produced this report. It looks at how understandings of gender and gender relations have led to the process of egg donation being perceived as being altruistic, clinical and asexual, whereas, semen donation and the motivations of male donors have been seen as being more questionable.
70. Hanson MJ. A Pig in a Poke. Hastings Centre Report. 1992;22(6):2.
Keywords: organ doning, ethics.
This editorial describes various organ doning and animal organ transplant developments, and avriety of ethically dubious practices worldwide. It contrasts utilitarian concerns about prolonging life with understandings of human mortality.71. HFEA. Giving and receiving money or other benefits in respect of any supply of gametes or embryos; 1991.
72. HFEA. Code of Practice. London: HFEA; 1993.
73. HFEA. Second Annual Report: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority; 1993.
74. HFEA. Third Annual Report. London: H.M.S.O.; 1994.
75. HFEA. Third Annual Report. London: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority; 1994.
76. Holmes HB. Openness, Fatherhood, and Responsibility: A Feminist Analysis. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):180-2.
Keywords: donor insemination, secrecy, family, discrimination, social attitudes, male infertility, policy, ethics, prohibition.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume raises feminist concerns with the dualism of secrecy and openess associated with DI, and with the way in which DI can be used to reinforce aspects of patriachy. The author raises the possibility that descrimination may occur if too much is known about someones genetic background. She then concludes that since such a large number of ethical problems are associated with DI ( whether openess is practised or not), that DI should be stopped.
77. Inhorn M. Interpreting Infertility: Medical Anthropological Perspectives. Social Science and Medicine. 1994;39(4):459-61.
Keywords: AIDS, infertility, Cameroon, Egypt, India, USA, gender, assisted reproduction, gender, social attitudes.
This article introduces and summarises four other articles in the same issue on anthropology and infertility. It notes that women often bear the worse aspects of infertility and that the topic as a whole has had very little attention paid to it.
78. Karow AM. Confidentiality and American semen donors. International Journal of Fertility & Menopausal Studies. 1993;38(3):147-51.
Keywords: legal, policy, anonymity, secrecy, offspring, donors, psychological, US.
Most American DI programmes include a policy of complete confidentiality concerning the donor of the semen. This is the result of a long legal tradition of American constitutional law. However, some slight abridgement of this body of legal decisions might be very much in the best interests of children arising from DI and even - in most cases in fact - the donors themselves. With regard to the children, the factors involved are both those of genetic counseling and psychological development. Of course, as at present, the donor must be relieved of all responsibility, both legal and financial.
79. Kings Fund Centre Counselling Committee. Counselling for Regulated Infertility Treatments. London: Kings Fund Centre; 1991.
80. Knoppers BM, Bris SL. Recent Advances in Medically Assisted Conception: Legal Ethical and Social Issues. American Journal of Law and Medicine. 1991;18(4):329-61.
Keywords: law, ethics, legislation, social attitudes, rights, assisted reproduction.
This article outlines legislation concerned with ART issues internationally in the period 1987-91. It notes the similarities and differences between states, and the ethical principles, and cultural and religious concerns upon which legislation and practices in this area are founded.81. Knoppers BM, LeBris S. Recent advances in medically assisted conception: legal, ethical, and social issues. American Journal of Law and Medicine. 1991;17:329-61.
Keywords: entry not yet complete. secrecy, anonymity, donors, assisted reproduction, legal, ethical, social.
82. Knoppers BM. Donor Insemination: Children as In Concerto or In Abstracto Subjects of Rights? Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):182-5.
Keywords: donor insemination, secrecy, family, law, policy, adoption.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume questions the strength of the analogy between DI and adoption, and argues for the importance of the social father over the genetic father. It contends that too much openess will have a variety of unwelcome outcomes. It calls for non-identifying information to be provided about the genetic father to the couple and the child.
83. Lansac J. One Father Only: Donor Insemination and CECOS in France. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):185-6.
Keywords: donor insemination, family, regulation, secrecy,.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume outlines how the non-profit organsation CECOS organises and monitors a series of Artificial Reproduction Technology clinics in France. It argues that the social father is more important than the genetic and that great harm is done when children know of their DI backgound. It sees it as preferable that children do not know of their DI origins and that they only have one father.
84. Lasker JN. Doctors and Donors: A Comment on Secrecy and Openess in Donor Insemination. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):186-8.
Keywords: donor insemination, secrecy, physicians, deception.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article on secrecy and donor insemination in the same volume, raises additional issues on the same topic. It addresses issues of doctors' attitudes to secrecy in regard to donor insemination, especially where doctors have been donors themselves. It also addresses the fears that couples can have that they are being deceived about the identity of the donor.
85. Lauritzen P. DI's Dirty Little Secret. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):188-9.
Keywords: donor insemination, rights, secrecy, ethics.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume supports their contention that secrecy about DI protects the couple and the donor but not the child. It takes issue, however, with the way that Daniels and Taylor make assumptions about the rights of the child, rather than presenting an argument for those rights.
86. Lentner# E, Glazer G. Infertile couples' perception of infertility support-group. Health Care for Women International. 1991;12(3):317-330.
87. Loates L. The Invisible Man. More; 1991.
88. Mahlstedt PP, Probasco KA. Sperm donors: their attitudes toward providing medical and psychosocial information for recipient couples and donor offspring. Fertility and Sterility. 1991;56(4):747-753.
Keywords: donors, attitudes, information sharing, anonymity, offspring, meeting offspring, psychosocial, outcomes, records, US.
90% donors were willing to complete lengthy application forms providing medical and psychosocial information. 96% willing to share this in a non-identifying way with recipient families. 36% say that they will be donors if anonymity cannot be guaranteed, and 60% indicate they will meet or provide identifying information for the child at age 18. 72% left personal messages to their potential offspring. Conclude that permanent files with medical and pyschosocial information on all donors should be developed, maintained and made available to all recips, whether or not they request donor info at time of conception.
89. Maynard T. Shared understandings: A glimmer of hope? Infertility Awareness. 1991;7(5):12-13.
90. McWhinnie AM. Doubts and Realities in DI Family Relationships. Politics and the life Sciences. 1993;12(2):189-91.
Keywords: Donor Insemination, secrecy, families, social attitudes, psychosocial.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume focuses on the potential problems associated with parents telling and not telling children about their DI origins. While favouring openess it calls for increased public discussion in this area.91. McWhinnie. AM. Doubts and Realities in DI Family Relationships. Politics and the life Sciences. 1993;12(2):189-91.
Keywords: Donor Insemination, secrecy, families, social attitudes, psychosocial.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume focuses on the potential problems associated with parents telling and not telling children about their DI origins. While favouring openess it calls for increased public discussion in this area.
92. Midford S. What does the research tell us? Adoption Research and Counselling Service Newsletter. 1993(Sept.):6.
93. Ministerial Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology. Assisted Human Reproduction: Navigating our Future; 1994.
94. Ministerial Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology. Assisted Human Reproduction - Navigating Our Future: NZ Govt, Wellington; 1994.
95. Monach JH. Childless: no choice. The experience of involuntary childlessness. London: Routledge; 1993.
96. Mulkay M. Rhetorics of hope and fear in the Great
Embryo Debate. Social Studies of Science. 1993;23:721-42.
97. Mulkay M. Women in the Parliamentary Debate over Embryo Research. Science Technology and Human Values. 1994 a;19(1):5-22.
Keywords: gender, law, legislation, regulation, embryos, research, UK, family, women, men, rights.
This study of the debates in the UK parliament around the issue of whether or not to allow embryo research to continue looks at the language, arguments and emphasis of the male and female speakers. It finds that male speakers used rights based language and tended to begin with the interests of embryos and children. Women speakers tended to use arguments centred around the reproductive experiences and best interests of women. Both men and women and pro and anti-research groups both were concerned with whether this research threatened or benefitted conventional familylife and womens traditional role within this.
98. Mulkay M. Changing minds about embryo research. Public Understanding and Science. 1994 b;3:195-213.
Keywords: UK, legislation, ethics, embryos, research, genetic engineering, scientists, regulation, policy, prohibition, social attitudes.
This paper uses documentary research to discover how and why there was a change in the UK parliament from opposition to, to favouring of embryo research. This was achieved by a science lobby which influenced the general public and the media by emphasising the benefits of genetic screening; and by directly lobbying parliamentarians by bringing them into their research facilitates to show them their activities. It also reports on the ban on certain forms of research and the arguments about whether this sort of ban will stick over time.
99. National Bioethics Counsultative Committee. Reproductive Technology Counselling: The National Bioethics Counsultative Committee, Commonwealth of Australia; 1991.
100. Prattke TW, Gass-Sternas KA. Appraisal, Coping, and Emotional Health of Infertile Couples Undergoing Donor Artificial Insemination. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. 1992;22(6):516-27.
.101. Purdie A, Peek JC, Irwin R, Ellis J, Graham FM, Fisher PR. Identifiable semen donors - attitudes of donors and recipient couples. New Zealand Medical Journal. 1992;105(927):27-28.
Keywords: donors, anonymity, recipients, attitudes, telling the child, identifiable donors, NZ, information.
53 couples embarking on DI replied to anonymous questionnaire asking what they wanted to know about donor if they should become pregnant. 51% and 32% probably going to tell the child about donor. Wanted to know about interests, physical attributes, occupation and family background of donor. 42% women and 28% men thought child should eventually have access to identity of donor. 38 donors surveyed and 68% agreeable to identity being available to child at maturity. When the category of identifiable donor was created, 20 of 36 new donors and donors still donating chose this option.
102. Purdie A, Peek JC, Adair V, Graham F, Fisher R. Attitudes of parents of young children to sperm donation - implications for donor recruitment. Human Reproduction. 1994;9(7):1355-58.
Keywords: recruitment, potential donors, practice, policy, attitudes, motivation, donor partners, information, anonymity, recipients, DI families, offspring, demographics.
Anonymous questionnaire circulated to parents of young children to survey exposure to publicity about and attitudes to sperm donation (n=192; 50% response rate). In 55% couples either man or woman had heard of the need for sperm donors, for 26% one or both partner had considered, and for half of these there were no objections to donating. However, only 2 men had approached the clinic. Notes the concerns some (incl partners) had about donating. Many people are aware and even receptive to the idea of donaing but very few act. Many would prefer that their sperm was used for only one or a few couples about whom they had some information.
103. Raboy B. Secrecy and Openess in Donor Insemination: A New Paradigm. Politics and The Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):191-2.
Keywords: donor insemination, secrecy, single and lesbian women, male infertility, policy.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume describes the proceedures of a non-profit sperm bank in California and its policy of allowing donors to provide information about themselves if they so desire. It also raises issues associated with lesbian and single women receiving donor insemination and raising 'alternative' families in this way.
104. Rowland R. Donor Insemination to In Vitro Fertilization: The Confusion Grows. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):192-3.
Keywords: In Vitro Fertilisation, Surrogacy, Secrecy, regulation, legislation, social attitudes, family, donors.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume outlines further complications which can arise in relation to genetic, social and surrogate parenthood as far as IVF is concerned. It argues that records should be kept of all donors, and calls for people to be provided with clarification about the nature of new genetic, biological and social relationships that are developing.
105. Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies (Canada). Proceed with Care: Minister of Government Services; 1993.
106. Sauer MV, Paulson RJ. Understanding the current status of oocyte donation in the United States: What's really going on out there? Fertility and Sterility. 1992;58:16.
107. Schover LR, Collins RL, Richards S. Psychological aspects of donor insemination: evaluation and follow-up of recipient couples. Fertility and Sterility. 1992;57(3):583-90.
Keywords: donor insemination, psychology, secrecy, stress, sexuality.
This study of the effectiveness of using a psychological test and a psychologist to screen unsuitable patients from undertaking DI found that there was a correlation between the psychologist's assessment of the psychological fitness of the couple and the rate at which they conceived, and inverse to the rate at which they dropped out of the programme. It also reports on couples sexual problems in relation to DI and their attitudes to telling other people and their future offspring about the DI conception.
108. Schover LR, Rothman SA, Collins RL. The personality and motivation of semen donors: a comparison with oocyte donors. Human Reproduction. 1992;7(4):575-579.
Keywords: personality, motivation, donors, oocyte, sperm, psychology, payment, information sharing, offspring, altruism, selection, reproductive trauma.
17 candidates for semen donation evalutated by a psychologist by test and interview. 71% motivated by payment. Only 29% would donate if records open to potential offspring. Psychological results described. 59% excellent candidates, 35% acceptable but with reservations, one donor rejected. Compared with oocyte donors, less altruistic, more affluent, and more likely to have abused alcohol. Women had more traumatic family and reproductive histories. Psychological evaluation a valuable tool in gamete donor selection.
109. Seibel MM, Kiessling A. Compensating egg donors: equal pay for equal time. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;328(10):737.
Keywords: oocytes, donors, payment, semen.
110. Snowden R. Sharing Information about DI in the UK. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):194-5.
Keywords: secrecy, donor insemination, legislation, ethics.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume re-emphasizes that there are differing degrees of secrecy and openess in regard to donor insemination. It notes that there is conflict between the rights children have to know about donors and the rights that donors have to their privacy.111. Snowden R, Snowden E. The Gift of a Child. A Guide to Donor Insemination. Exeter: University of Exeter Press; 1993.
Keywords: donor insemination, male infertilty, adoption, IVF, regulation, psychosocial, couples, social support, infertilty societies, secrecy, offspring, legal, medical aspects, UK.
This book is a general guide for couples about DI and covers, psychosocial, legal, medical, and secrecy aspects.
112. Stacey M. Social dimensions of assisted reproduction. In: Stacey M, ed. Changing Human Reproduction. Social Science Perspectives. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
113. Stacey M. Social dimensions of assisted reproduction. In: Stacey M, ed. Changing Human Reproduction. Social Science Perspectives. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
114. Stewart# DE, Boydell KM, McCarthy K, Swerdlyk S, Redmond C, Cohrs W. A prospective study of the effectiveness of brief professionally-led support groups for infertility patients. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 1992;22(2):173-82.
Keywords: not held.
115. Strathern M. The meaning of assisted kinship. In: Stacey M, ed. Changing Human Reproduction. Social Science Perspectives. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
116. Strathern M. The meaning of assisted kinship. In: Stacey M, ed. Changing Human Reproduction. Social Science Perspectives. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
117. Taus L, Gerzova J. Personality of semen donors and their social behaviour. Czech Medicine. 1991;14(3):173-183.
Keywords: donors, personality, behaviour, demographics, selection, assessment, Europe.
Examined the personality structure of 80 semen donors. Describes demographics and how donors were divided into sub-groups. The donors are balanced personalities and no pathological phenomena were observed. Describes donors' personalities. The donors make a favourable impression with regard to the demand of mental health and transmission of genetic information. The authors recommend the use of a questionnarie like theirs for assessing potential donors.
118. Topp K. Positive reflections: growing up as a DI child. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 1993;2(3):149-151.
Keywords: DI offpring, telling the child, donor, payment.
25 year old DI offspring reflects on DI and the donor, her relationships with her parents, particularly father. Was told quite young about her conception. Positive outcome. Curious about donor but, as she is aware that she can't find out anything, she is not concerned.
119. Triseliotis J. Donor Insemination and the Child. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):195-7.
Keywords: donor insemination, secrecy, adoption, family, physicians.
This response to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume focuses on the power of the medical profession to influence peoples decisions, and on the experiences of adopted children with regard to seeking information about their biological parents. It favours greater openess in regard to donor insemination.
120. Turner C. A Call for Openess in Donor Insemination. Politics and the Life Sciences. 1993;12(2):197-9.
Keywords: donor insemination , secrecy, policy, social attitudes, legislation, family, prohibition.
This reponse to Daniels and Taylor's article in the same volume supports greater openess about donor insemination and presents further arguments for this. It also discusses the political realities of getting DI openess legislation implemented, and presents information about how parents can tell their children about their DI origins.121. Vanderwater B. Meanings and Strategies of Reproductive Control: Current Feminist Approaches to Reproductive Technology. Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering. 1992;5(3):215-30.
122. Victoria PSo. Infertility Treatment Bill. In: sponsored by Mrs Tehan MfH, ed. Melbourne: L. V. North, Government Printer; 1995.
123. Welfare NBoHa. Donor insemination figures: National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden; 1991.
124. Wikler D, Wikler NJ. Turkey-baster Babies: The Demedicalisation of Artificial Insemination. The Milbank Quarterly. 1991;69(1):5-39.
125. Williams LS. Biology or Society? Parenthood Motivation in a Sample of Canadian Women Seeking In Vitro Fertilization. In: Holmes HB, ed. Issues in Reproductive Technology 1: An Anthology. New York: Garland; 1992.
126. Working Party for ART MMMoMA. Guidelines for the use of assisted reproductive technology. Wellington: Reprinted in the report of the Ministerial Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technologies, 1994. Assisted Human Reproduction - Navigating Our Future (Appendix E). NZ Govt.; 1991.
127. Working Party for ART MMMoMA. Guidelines for the use of Assisted Reproductive Technology. Wellington: Reprinted in the report of the Ministerial Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology, 1994, Assisted Human Reproduction: Navigating Our Future (Appendix E). NZ Govt.; 1991.
128. Wright J, Bissonette F, Duchesne C, Benoit J, Sabourin S, Girard Y. Psychosocial distress and infertility: men and women respond differently. Fertility and Sterility. 1991;55(1):100-108.
Keywords: psychosocial, couples infertility, gender, longitudinal,.
This study looks at the stress associated with infertility for 449 consecutive first admission couples to a fertility clinic. Women were found to be more distressed than men. The level is stress is compared to generalised stress in the population, and reasons for stress differences between men and women are discusssed.
129. Wright J, Bissonette F, Duchesne C, Benoit J, Sabourin S, Girard Y. Psychosocial distress and infertility: men and women respond differently. Fertility and Sterility. 1991;55(1):100-108.
Keywords: psychosocial, couples infertility, gender, longitudinal