Darryl R. J. Macer, Ph.D. Eubios Ethics Institute
1992
Tables on-line, but the figures are not included.
Preface vii-viii
1. Bioethics and Biotechnology 1
1.1. Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology in Japan 1
1.2. Bioethics 3
Autonomy 4
Rights 4
Beneficence 5
Do no harm 5
Justice 6
Confidentiality 7
Animal Rights 7
Environmental Ethics 8
1.3. Decision-making 8
2.1. Sample Selection 10
2.2. Questionnaire Design 11
2.3. Sample Response 12
2.4. Sample Characteristics 15
3. Perceptions of Science and Technology 19
3.1. Interest in Science and Technology
19
3.2. Awareness of Specific Scientific Developments 23
3.3. Perceived Benefits of Science and Technology 27
3.4. Concerns about Science and Technology 29
3.5. Benefits and Harms from Science and Technology 34
4.1. Knowledge of Genetic Manipulation
39
4.2. Acceptability of Genetic Manipulation 41
4.3. Perceived Benefits of Genetic Manipulation 51
4.4. Perceived Hazards of Genetic Manipulation 62
4.5.Attitudes to Genetic Engineering Facilities in Japan 75
4.6. Environmental Applications of Genetic Engineering 77
5.1. Biobusiness 82
Economics versus Human and
Environmental Benefit 83
Economics and the Environment 84
International Economical Implications 85
5.2. Patenting Life 87
5.3. Public Attitudes to Patenting 90
5.4. Patent law should be reexamined 92
6. Consumption of Products made from GMOs 94
6.1. GMOs and Food 94
6.2. Concerns about Foodstuffs made from GMOs 97
Do we need special regulations? 108
7. Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy 110
7.1. Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics 110
The Medical Profession 110
Recognition of Autonomy 111
Informed Consent 112
Genetics and Justice 113
7.2. Genetic Screening 114
Prenatal Genetic Screening 116
Genetic Testing 120
7.3. Gene Therapy 122
8. Public, Scientists, and Education 125
8.1. Public and Scientists 125
8.2. Credibility of Statements 128
8.3. Regulation of Scientists 131
8.4. Biotechnology Regulation 134
Environmental Release of GMOs 136
Food and Drug Safety 141
8.5. Public Understanding 142
Public Understanding 142
Genetic Engineering and the Curriculum 142
The Media 147
9. Conclusions and Recommendations 150
9.1. Warning! 150
9.2. Conclusions 150
9.3. Recommendations 152
11. Bibliography 159
12. Index 163
Key Words: Animal Rights, Bioethics,
Biotechnology, Eugenics, Field Release of GMOs, Genetic Counseling, Genetic
Engineering, Genetic Screening, Genetic Therapy, Genetically Modified
Organisms, Human Genome Project, Medical Ethics, Patenting of Life, Public
Perceptions of Bioethics, Public Perceptions of Biotechnology, Public
Perceptions of Genetic Engineering, Public Perceptions of Science and
Technology, Reproductive Technology, Risk Evaluation, Sustainable Agriculture.
Further copies can be obtained by ordering from the Eubios Ethics Institute,
Email asianbioethics@yahoo.co.nz